A vacuum pump includes a vacuum pump having a discharge port to which an abatement part for treating an exhaust gas discharged from the vacuum pump to make the exhaust gas harmless is attached. The vacuum pump includes a cylindrical member having an exhaust gas introduction port for introducing the exhaust gas to be treated and a gas outlet port for discharging gases which have been treated, a plurality of fuel nozzles provided at a circumferential wall of the cylindrical member for ejecting a fuel, and a plurality of air nozzles provided at the circumferential wall of the cylindrical member for ejecting air so as to form a swirling flow of air along an inner circumferential surface of the circumferential wall. The air nozzles are disposed at a plurality of stages spaced in an axial direction of the cylindrical member.

A method of the invention for treatment of particulate material for metal recovery includes heating a furnace to a first temperature, feeding a particulate material into the furnace, and before or after heating of the raw material, feeding a reducing gas flow through the furnace. The particulate material is heated in the furnace for volatilizing one or more metals contained in the ash into the gas flow, and the volatilized particles are recovered in one or more collection units. A system for treatment of particulate material for metal recovery includes a heated furnace for receiving flows of reduction gas and particulate material, a collection unit for volatilized particles, and a collection unit for non-volatilized material.

The present invention provides a char collector (1) for a pyrolysis system (2), the pyrolysis system (2) featuring a pyrolysis reactor (17) comprising a hot char outlet (3), the char collector comprises a container (4) and a longitudinal char conveyor unit (5), and the container (4) comprises a chamber (6), a first inlet (7) connectable to the hot char outlet (3) and a first outlet (8), wherein the first inlet (7) is arranged in an upper portion of the chamber (6) and the first outlet (8) is arranged in a lower portion of the chamber (6); and the char conveyor unit (5) comprises a first end section (9) connected to the first outlet (8), a second end section (10) featuring a second outlet (11) for cooled char and a conveying mechanism (12) configured to transport char from the first end section (9) to the second outlet (11) during use; wherein the second outlet (11) is at a level above the first outlet (8), such that a gas trap is formed between the first inlet (7) and the second outlet (11) when the chamber (6) is filled with water up to a level above the first outlet (8) during use.

Methods treat ash from waste incineration, wherein the methods at least comprise: a) the digestion of the ash by a leaching liquor containing phosphate ions in solution such as to form a first solid phase comprising impurities and a first liquid phase comprising phosphate ions; and b) the separation of said first liquid phase comprising phosphate ions from said first solid phase. Step a) is carried out for a duration of less than one hour or at a temperature of more than 40 C.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing cremation crystals, the method using phosphoric acid extracted from cremated remains as a catalyst in the heat treatment of ashes so that transparent cremation crystals can be prepared only with components of skeletal remains derived from a single individual, and using only skeletal remains of a single individual through the control of the classification ratio of raw bone powder and phosphorus-extracted bone powder, and the like, so that the amount of phosphorus in the crystals is controlled, thereby enabling cremation crystals transparency to be controlled, and thus aesthetic requirements of consumers are satisfied and use as various kinds of jewelry is also facilitated.