A system and approach for developing a periodic water usage profile and demand for controlling a water heater. A mode may be selected for demand for a certain amount of water of a particular temperature range to be available for use from the water heater. Data on hot water usage may be collected and the usage profile and demand may be calculated from the data. The water heater may be programmed to operate in a certain fashion based on the usage profile and demand. A control knob may be on the water heater control to select a particular demand. Control of the water heater may be operated from a remote device connected in a wireless or wired fashion. An optimization program may be implemented in the control of the water heater for achieving one or more beneficial goals related to water heater performance and hot water production.

An apparatus includes a high-pressure tank, a controller, a valve, controlled by the controller, and a heater.

A freeze protection system is provided that includes a first valve configured to be coupled with an inlet of a water heater, such as a tankless water heater; a second valve configured to be coupled with an outlet of the water heater; and a valve actuator configured to automatically actuate the first valve and the second valve to permit water to drain from the water heater when (1) electric power is lost to the water heater, and (2) a temperature of a fluid in or around the water heater is less than or equal to a predetermined low temperature threshold.

A fluid discharge event detection apparatus measures a change in capacitance to detect the presence of a fluid in a sensing conduit where the presence of fluid indicates a discharge event. The apparatus includes a first conduit, the sensing conduit and a control valve, coupled between the first conduit and the sensing conduit. The control valve is configured to activate and fluidly couple the first conduit and the sensing conduit to one another when the control valve detects at least one predetermined condition of a fluid within the first conduit. A sensor, configured to measure a capacitance value, is disposed about the sensing conduit. A controller, coupled to the sensor, is configured to detect a change in the sensing conduit capacitance value and assert an alarm condition upon detection of the change in the sensing conduit capacitance value.

The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, an electronic device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount. Therefore, the present disclosure can effectively identify carbon emission details of each link of a source, a grid, and a load of the district heating system, clarify carbon emission responsibilities on both a source side and a load side, and realize accurate measurement of carbon emission of the district heating system, which has high application value.

The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, an electronic device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount. Therefore, the present disclosure can effectively identify carbon emission details of each link of a source, a grid, and a load of the district heating system, clarify carbon emission responsibilities on both a source side and a load side, and realize accurate measurement of carbon emission of the district heating system, which has high application value.

A swimming pool or spa may include hybrid heater. The hybrid heater includes an enclosure, a first heat source within the enclosure, and a second heat source within the enclosure. The first heat source may include an electric heater. A method of heating a swimming pool or spa using the hybrid heater includes receiving information about a desired temperature of the pool, determining an operating mode of the hybrid heater based on the received information, and controlling the hybrid heater pursuant to the determined operating mode.

A swimming pool or spa may include hybrid heater. The hybrid heater includes an enclosure, a first heat source within the enclosure, and a second heat source within the enclosure. The first heat source may include an electric heater. A method of heating a swimming pool or spa using the hybrid heater includes receiving information about a desired temperature of the pool, determining an operating mode of the hybrid heater based on the received information, and controlling the hybrid heater pursuant to the determined operating mode.

A printed circuit board includes a conducting path shaped via a subtractive method and a heating line. The heating line is formed by the conducting path and designed to have a predetermined heating power for a heating fluid. The printed circuit board further includes a heat dispersion layer designed for transferring heat to the fluid. A heater includes such a printed circuit board.

A water heater system includes a gas burner configured to selectively produce flue gases, and a heat exchanger for heating water in the water heater system. The water heater system is operable in a heating mode, and a standby mode. An exhaust assembly is in communication with the heat exchanger, and includes a condensate collector configured to receive the flue gases and condensate. A first temperature sensor is positioned to sense a temperature of the condensate within the condensate collector. The first temperature sensor is configured to detect a rate of temperature change of the condensate. A controller is configured to determine a leakage when the rate of temperature change adjusts from a first state to a second state when the water heater system is in the standby mode after the water heater system was in the heating mode.