An embodiment of a fluid control device includes a housing, a fluid channel defined within the housing, the fluid channel having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface and having an inlet, and a flow control body disposed in the fluid channel, the flow control body tapering toward the inlet. The body, in use, causing fluid flowing through the channel to diverge into at least a first path between the first surface and a first side of the body, and a second path defined by at least by the second side of the body. A geometry of the first path and the second path selected is based on a subcool of the fluid at a pressure of the fluid entering the fluid channel, and the geometry is selected to induce cavitation of the fluid to choke fluid flow through the fluid channel.

An embodiment of a fluid control device includes a housing, a fluid channel defined within the housing, the fluid channel having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface and having an inlet, and a flow control body disposed in the fluid channel, the flow control body tapering toward the inlet. The body, in use, causing fluid flowing through the channel to diverge into at least a first path between the first surface and a first side of the body, and a second path defined by at least by the second side of the body. A geometry of the first path and the second path selected is based on a subcool of the fluid at a pressure of the fluid entering the fluid channel, and the geometry is selected to induce cavitation of the fluid to choke fluid flow through the fluid channel.

Provided are methods and systems for converting a passive cooling system into an active hydronic ground cooling system. In an aspect, an existing passive cooling device can be first discharged of working fluid. An existing pipe of the passive cooling system can then be cut to a predetermined height. A top portion of the existing pipe can be threaded and fitted with a cap base. Tubing can then be installed within the existing pipe. A cap can be attached to the cap base. The tubing can be attached to a chiller system and filled with coolant. Similar procedure can be applied to convert a thermopile or traditional pipe pile to into an active cooling system.

Provided are methods and systems for converting a passive cooling system into an active hydronic ground cooling system. In an aspect, an existing passive cooling device can be first discharged of working fluid. An existing pipe of the passive cooling system can then be cut to a predetermined height. A top portion of the existing pipe can be threaded and fitted with a cap base. Tubing can then be installed within the existing pipe. A cap can be attached to the cap base. The tubing can be attached to a chiller system and filled with coolant. Similar procedure can be applied to convert a thermopile or traditional pipe pile to into an active cooling system.

Thermal energy is extracted from geological formations using a heat harvester. In some embodiments, the heat harvester is a once-through, closed loop, underground heat harvester created by directionally drilling through hot rock. The extracted thermal energy can be converted or transformed to other forms of energy.

Thermal energy is extracted from geological formations using a heat harvester. In some embodiments, the heat harvester is a once-through, closed loop, underground heat harvester created by directionally drilling through hot rock. The extracted thermal energy can be converted or transformed to other forms of energy.

This application discloses an advanced design method for customized RCP, (cRCP), with one or more made-to-order reinforcement cages supporting one or more wall-encapsulated heat-exchange channels, cast with special-batch (SB) concrete having additions of fine-disperse CaCO.sub.3 and particular polymer fibers; the resulting Single- and DoubleEPipe sections especially adapted for heat exchange with pipe-internal wastestreams and/or groundwater and including provisions for an optional graywater accumulator for efficient recapture of both water and energy.

This application discloses an advanced design method for customized RCP, (cRCP), with one or more made-to-order reinforcement cages supporting one or more wall-encapsulated heat-exchange channels, cast with special-batch (SB) concrete having additions of fine-disperse CaCO.sub.3 and particular polymer fibers; the resulting Single- and DoubleEPipe sections especially adapted for heat exchange with pipe-internal wastestreams and/or groundwater and including provisions for an optional graywater accumulator for efficient recapture of both water and energy.

A geothermal heat exchange apparatus is disclosed that includes a central conduit, a plurality of pipes, at least one fitting, at least one joint, a sleeve, and a weight. The geothermal heat exchange apparatus is preassembled for insertion into a bore hole and for connection to a supply primary pipe and a return primary pipe that are in fluid communication with a heat pump. The geothermal heat exchange apparatus includes the plurality of pipes in a helical arrangement around the central conduit for geothermal heat exchange. The weight can be included in the preassembled geothermal heat exchange apparatus or added after preassembly.

A geothermal heat exchange apparatus is disclosed that includes a central conduit, a plurality of pipes, at least one fitting, at least one joint, a sleeve, and a weight. The geothermal heat exchange apparatus is preassembled for insertion into a bore hole and for connection to a supply primary pipe and a return primary pipe that are in fluid communication with a heat pump. The geothermal heat exchange apparatus includes the plurality of pipes in a helical arrangement around the central conduit for geothermal heat exchange. The weight can be included in the preassembled geothermal heat exchange apparatus or added after preassembly.