A thermal management system includes an open-circuit refrigeration system including a cooling system configured to supply a cooling medium. The open-circuit refrigeration system includes a receiver having a receiver outlet, the receiver configurable to store a refrigerant fluid, the receiver configured to receive the cooling medium from the cooling system, an evaporator coupled to the receiver outlet, the evaporator configurable to receive liquid refrigerant fluid from the receiver outlet and to extract heat from a heat load when the heat load contacts or is proximate to the evaporator a control device configurable to control a temperature of the heat load and an exhaust line, with the receiver, the evaporator, and the exhaust line coupled to form an open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path.

An air conditioning heat pump system using an ejector may include a compression assembly, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, an ejector, and a first to third electromagnetic valve and a controller. A first end of the compression assembly may be connected with the one end of the outdoor heat exchanger, a second end may be connected with one end of the indoor heat exchanger, a third end may connected with outlet end of the ejector, and a fourth end may be connected with another end of the outdoor heat exchanger. One end of the outdoor heat exchanger may also be connected with a jet inlet of the ejector through the first electromagnetic valve, and another end may also be connected with the jet inlet of the ejector through the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve.

An air conditioning heat pump system using an ejector may include a compression assembly, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, an ejector, and a first to third electromagnetic valve and a controller. A first end of the compression assembly may be connected with the one end of the outdoor heat exchanger, a second end may be connected with one end of the indoor heat exchanger, a third end may connected with outlet end of the ejector, and a fourth end may be connected with another end of the outdoor heat exchanger. One end of the outdoor heat exchanger may also be connected with a jet inlet of the ejector through the first electromagnetic valve, and another end may also be connected with the jet inlet of the ejector through the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve.

A refrigerator includes a main body that has a storage chamber and a drying chamber; a thermoelectric module that includes a heat absorber and a heat dissipater; a cooling fan that circulates air in the storage chamber to the heat absorber and the storage chamber; a heat-dissipating fan that blows air to the heat dissipater; an air guide that has a passage for guiding air heated by the heat dissipater to the drying chamber; a heater that is disposed in the passage; and a damper that controls a flow of air in the passage between the heat-dissipating fan and the heater. Heat of the heat dissipater transfers to the drying chamber through the passage of the air guide and the damper, thereby being able to dry an object to be dried.

A refrigeration cycle device includes a first physical quantity detector that detects a first physical quantity having a correlation with a temperature of refrigerant flowing into an evaporator, a second physical quantity detector that detects a second physical quantity having a correlation with a temperature of ventilation air heat-exchanged in the evaporator to be blown into a space to be cooled, a defrosting operation determination portion that determines whether a defrosting operation of the evaporator is to be started based on whether a temperature difference between the temperature of the refrigerant specified by the first physical quantity and the temperature of the ventilation air specified by the second physical quantity is equal to or larger than a determination threshold value, and a defrosting operation execution portion that performs the defrosting operation of the evaporator when it is determined that defrosting operation of the evaporator is to be started.

An improved ultra-fast cooling system is disclosed for cryopreservation of biomaterials. The ultra-fast cooling system is designed to uniformly vitrify or partially vitrify biomaterials, including but not limited to, human biomaterials, proteins, peptides, cells, stem cells, antibodies, neurons, human tissue, organs, cornea, skin, retina, eggs, sperm, embryos, body fluids, blood, serum, lymph fluid, animal tissue, plant biomaterials, plant tissue, germ plasma, pollen, plant sap, and bioengineered tissue, without cryoprotectants or with a low concentration of cryoprotectants. Cooling rates are sufficient to uniformly cryopreserve biomaterials, and can be used in diagnostic cytology and biological cryofixation applications. Other materials also can be cooled uniformly, such as inorganic materials for processing.

An improved ultra-fast cooling system is disclosed for cryopreservation of biomaterials. The ultra-fast cooling system is designed to uniformly vitrify or partially vitrify biomaterials, including but not limited to, human biomaterials, proteins, peptides, cells, stem cells, antibodies, neurons, human tissue, organs, cornea, skin, retina, eggs, sperm, embryos, body fluids, blood, serum, lymph fluid, animal tissue, plant biomaterials, plant tissue, germ plasma, pollen, plant sap, and bioengineered tissue, without cryoprotectants or with a low concentration of cryoprotectants. Cooling rates are sufficient to uniformly cryopreserve biomaterials, and can be used in diagnostic cytology and biological cryofixation applications. Other materials also can be cooled uniformly, such as inorganic materials for processing.

An air conditioning heat pump system using an ejector may include a compression assembly, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, an ejector, and a first to third electromagnetic valve and a controller. A first end of the compression assembly may be connected with the one end of the outdoor heat exchanger, a second end may be connected with one end of the indoor heat exchanger, a third end may connected with outlet end of the ejector, and a fourth end may be connected with another end of the outdoor heat exchanger. One end of the outdoor heat exchanger may also be connected with a jet inlet of the ejector through the first electromagnetic valve, and another end may also be connected with the jet inlet of the ejector through the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve.

A device includes a plurality of evaporators coupled to a payload bay with a multiplicity of coolant tubes in each evaporator, wherein each tube enters and then exits the payload bay, further comprising one or more cryogenic valves coupled to the coolant tubes; a pump to force coolant flowing through the evaporators; and a thermal box immediately outside the evaporators and payload bay to thermally seal the payload bay from the outside environment and reduce heat gain, the thermal box including high strength open cell panels and a vacuum or Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) with polyurethane foam to fill the voids.

An evaporative cooling system includes a primary cooling unit that utilizes a cooling fluid flowing through a primary heat exchange medium to cool supply air flowing past the primary heat exchange medium, a bleed line and a secondary cooling unit disposed upstream of the primary cooling unit with respect to a flow direction of the supply air. The primary cooling unit includes a supply line for supplying the cooling fluid to the primary heat exchange medium, a reservoir for collecting the cooling fluid supplied to the primary heat exchange medium, and a pump for recirculating the cooling fluid collected in the reservoir back to the supply line. The bleed line bleeds a portion of the recirculating cooling fluid from the primary cooling unit. The secondary cooling unit includes a secondary heat exchange medium that receives the cooling fluid bled from the primary cooling unit through the bleed line. By either pumping or wicking, any excess bleed fluid is refed to the secondary heat exchange medium, or directed to a tertiary heat exchange medium, to enable complete evaporation of the bled fluid.