A cryoprobe for cryotherapy, includes a working and a drain tube, welded together. The working tube has a first end, a distal end, an internal surface, an external surface, an inner diameter, and an outer diameter. The drain tube is placed concentrically in the working tube, and has an internal surface, an external surface, an inner diameter, an outer diameter, a first end connected to a first pressure supply, and a perforated second end which is proximate to the distal end of the working tube. The drain tube is welded to the working tube between the internal surface of the working tube and the external surface of the drain tube to manufacture a throttle perforation, in a manner which allows fluid to pass along the outer surface of the drain tube, expand at the distal end of the working tube, and drain through the drain tube.

A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising: a mechanical refrigerator, a heat pipe and a heat switch assembly. The mechanical refrigerator has a first cooled stage and a second cooled stage. The heat pipe has a first part coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second part coupled thermally to a target assembly. The heat pipe is adapted to contain a condensable gaseous coolant when in use. The heat switch assembly comprises one or more gas gap heat switches, a first end coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second end coupled thermally to the target assembly. The cryogenic cooling system is adapted to be operated in a heat pipe cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage is lower than the first cooled stage and wherein the temperature of the target assembly causes the coolant within the second part of the heat pipe to be gaseous and the temperature of the second cooled stage causes the coolant in the first part of the heat pipe to condense. The target assembly is cooled by the movement of the condensed liquid coolant from the first part of the heat pipe to the second part of the heat pipe during the heat pipe cooling mode. The cryogenic cooling system is further adapted to be operated in a gas gap cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage causes freezing of the coolant. The heat switch assembly is adapted to provide cooling from the second cooled stage to the target assembly during the gas gap cooling mode via the one or more gas gap heat switches.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising: a mechanical refrigerator, a heat pipe and a heat switch assembly. The mechanical refrigerator has a first cooled stage and a second cooled stage. The heat pipe has a first part coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second part coupled thermally to a target assembly. The heat pipe is adapted to contain a condensable gaseous coolant when in use. The heat switch assembly comprises one or more gas gap heat switches, a first end coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second end coupled thermally to the target assembly. The cryogenic cooling system is adapted to be operated in a heat pipe cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage is lower than the first cooled stage and wherein the temperature of the target assembly causes the coolant within the second part of the heat pipe to be gaseous and the temperature of the second cooled stage causes the coolant in the first part of the heat pipe to condense. The target assembly is cooled by the movement of the condensed liquid coolant from the first part of the heat pipe to the second part of the heat pipe during the heat pipe cooling mode. The cryogenic cooling system is further adapted to be operated in a gas gap cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage causes freezing of the coolant. The heat switch assembly is adapted to provide cooling from the second cooled stage to the target assembly during the gas gap cooling mode via the one or more gas gap heat switches.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A system and kit for using a source of low-pressure refrigerant for a cryotherapy procedure and for subcooling a cryotherapy refrigerant. The system may generally include a fluid reservoir and a fluid flow path in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow path including a first thermal exchange device in thermal exchange with the fluid reservoir, a compressor in fluid communication with the first thermal exchange device, a condenser, a reversing valve located between the compressor and the condenser, a second thermal exchange device located between the reversing valve and the compressor, and an expansion valve located between the condenser and the thermal exchange device. The third thermal exchange device may be configured to be in fluid communication with the cryotherapy console and configured to place a secondary refrigerant within the first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a secondary refrigerant of the cryotherapy system.

A cryoprobe for cryotherapy, includes a working and a drain tube, welded together. The working tube has a first end, a distal end, an internal surface, an external surface, an inner diameter, and an outer diameter. The drain tube is placed concentrically in the working tube, and has an internal surface, an external surface, an inner diameter, an outer diameter, a first end connected to a first pressure supply, and a perforated second end which is proximate to the distal end of the working tube. The drain tube is welded to the working tube between the internal surface of the working tube and the external surface of the drain tube to manufacture a throttle perforation, in a manner which allows fluid to pass along the outer surface of the drain tube, expand at the distal end of the working tube, and drain through the drain tube.