A system including: an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that includes a high magnetic field section in which a hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, and a low magnetic field or demagnetized section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed; a first conduit fluidly coupled between the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section and the cold side of the high magnetic field section; and a second conduit fluid coupled to the first conduit, an expander and at least one liquefied hydrogen storage module.

A method of realizing a ferroic response is provided. The method includes applying a positive or negative conjugate field, which is of a first polarity, to a ferroic material to obtain a substantially minimized entropy of the ferroic material (301) and applying a slightly negative or a slightly positive conjugate field, which is of a second polarity opposite the first polarity, to the ferroic material to obtain a substantially maximized entropy of the ferroic material (302).

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus (100) for magnetic cooling. The apparatus (100) includes a first region (110) for magnetizing two or more magnetic elements (120-1, 120-2, 120-3) of different sizes; two or more second regions (130-1, 130-2, 130-3); and two or more channels (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) having different sizes, wherein each channel of the two or more channels (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) connects the first region (110) and a respective second region of the two or more second regions (130-1, 130-2, 130-3), and wherein the two or more channels (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) are configured for a transport of the two or more magnetic elements (120-1, 120-2, 120-3) from the first region (110) to the two or more second regions (130-1, 130-2, 130-3).

A solid-state refrigeration apparatus includes a plurality of solid refrigerators, a heating medium circuit with the plurality of solid refrigerators connected, and a conveying mechanism to convey a heating medium in the heating medium circuit. Each of the solid refrigerators includes a solid refrigerant substance having a caloric effect on an external energy and an induction section to cause the solid refrigerant substance to produce the caloric effect. The heating medium circuit includes first and second channels in which the solid refrigerators are connected in series and through which the heating medium is supplied to first and second heat exchange sections. At least one bypass mechanism is connected to the first and/or second channel. The bypass mechanism switches between an action of making the heating medium flow through the solid refrigerator and an action of making the heating medium bypass the solid refrigerator.

The present disclosure relates to a cryogenic apparatus (300, 400, 500), comprising: at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) connected to a sample stage (20) and configured to change a temperature at the sample stage (20); at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) different from the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410), wherein the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) is connected to the sample stage (20) and configured to change the temperature at the sample stage (20); and a controller. The controller is configured to: operate the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) in a first temperature range (A); operate the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) in a second temperature range (B) different from the first temperature range (A); and operate both the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) and the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) in a third temperature range (C) between the first temperature range (A) and the second temperature range (B).

A cooling module for solid-state refrigerant cooling includes an annular storing portion having a housing portion, low and high temperature side inflow paths, low and high temperature side outflow paths, first and second spaces between the first and second ends of housing flow paths and the low and high temperature side inflow paths, and first and second intermediate flow paths. The first intermediate flow path is in fluid communication with the low temperature side inflow path and the first space, and is configured to widen a flow of the heating medium flowing from the low temperature side inflow path to the first space. The second intermediate flow path is in fluid communication with the high temperature side inflow path and the second space, and is configured to widen a flow of the heating medium flowing from the high temperature side inflow path to the second space.

The invention relates to a magnetocaloric lattice element formed by fibres of magnetocaloric material, wherein the fibres are arranged in respective parallel lattice planes, each fibre having a respective mass of magnetocaloric material, the fibres of a given lattice plane do not contact each other but each fibre of a given lattice plane is attached to at least two fibres in a next neighbouring lattice plane, and wherein the magnetocaloric lattice element exhibits exactly one predominant mass-weighted direction of longitudinal fibre extension. When arranged in alignment of its predominant mass-weighted direction of longitudinal fibre extension with an external magnetic field, the magnetocaloric lattice element achieves an advantageous, particularly high magnetization of the magnetocaloric material, and as a consequence improves the performance of the magnetocaloric cooling device.

Provided are a refrigeration cycle device and a magnetic refrigeration device capable of suppressing an increase in device size, an increase in complexity, and an increase in cost. A magnetic refrigeration device includes a magnetocaloric material, first piping, second piping, a magnetic field generating unit, and a switching unit. The first piping supplies a refrigerant to the magnetocaloric material in a first refrigerant direction. The second piping supplies the refrigerant to the magnetocaloric material in a second refrigerant direction. The magnetic field generating unit is capable of applying a magnetic field to the magnetocaloric material. The switching unit switches between a first state and a second state in response to the magnetic field. In the first state, the refrigerant is supplied from the first piping to the magnetocaloric material. In the second state, the refrigerant is supplied from the second piping to the magnetocaloric material.

The present disclosure relates to a method of controlling an adiabatic demagnetization apparatus. The method includes varying at least operation parameter of the adiabatic demagnetization apparatus.

A magnetic heat pump includes magnetocaloric members, an impeller, deformable members, a casing, an electric motor, and a magnetic field generator. The impeller has accommodation chambers. The deformable members face the accommodation chambers. The casing has an interior space accommodating the magnetocaloric members, the impeller, and the deformable members and allowing a heat transport medium to circulate, a first inlet, and a first outlet spaced apart from the first inlet in the circumferential direction. The magnetic field generator produces a magnetic field becoming stronger along the first direction, in a first region extending from the first inlet to the first outlet in the first direction in the interior space. The shapes of the deformable members individually change with the rotation. The volumes of the accommodation chambers individually increase and decrease with change in shape of the deformable members.