A vehicle includes a refrigerant system having a chiller and a coolant system having a chiller loop and a radiator loop. The chiller loop is arranged to circulate coolant through the chiller, and the radiator loop is arranged to circulate coolant through a battery, a radiator, and a bypass valve connected to a bypass conduit. A controller is configured to, in response to an ambient-air temperature exceeding a battery-coolant temperature, actuate the valve to circulate coolant to the bypass conduit to skip the radiator.

A refrigeration system has: (a) a fluid tight circulation loop including a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator, the evaporator having at least three evaporator zones, each evaporator zone having an inlet port, the circulation loop being further configured to measure the condition of the refrigerant with a refrigerant condition sensor disposed within the evaporator upstream of the evaporator outlet port; and control the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator based upon the measured condition of the refrigerant within the evaporator, and (b) a controller for controlling the flow rate of refrigerant to the evaporator based upon the measured condition of the refrigerant within the evaporator upstream of the evaporator outlet port.

An embodiment of the instant disclosure comprises a reversible heat pump and water heating system for conditioning a space and heating water. The system comprises a refrigerant circuit that includes a compressor, a source heat exchanger, a space heat exchanger, and an expansion device. A 4-way reversing valve alternates between heating and cooling modes of operation. The system includes a heat exchanger for heating water in the water heating loop, and a 3-way valve that either actuates the refrigerant flow through the water heater heat exchanger or bypasses at least a portion of the refrigerant flow around the water heater heat exchanger. The heat pump system is operable in at least five modes—space heating only, space cooling only, water heating only, and either space heating or space cooling combined with water heating. Use of a modulating 3-way valve allows the amount of the refrigerant flow through the water heating heat exchanger to be adjusted to precisely match space conditioning and water heating demands and stable operation of the heat pump system. Either of the space and source heat exchangers may be bypassed and deactivated to reduce the heat pump system power consumption.

A fuel cooling system includes a refrigeration unit configured to circulate a refrigerant, a bypass cooling circuit (132) fluidly coupled to the refrigeration unit, and a power generation system operably coupled to the refrigeration unit. The power generation system includes a fuel tank (34) fluidly coupled to an engine (32), and a fuel cooling circuit (160) is fluidly coupled between the fuel tank and the engine. The fuel cooling circuit is thermally coupled to the bypass cooling circuit and is configured to cool a fuel by thermal exchange with the refrigerant.

A heat pump system comprises a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a mode switching valve, a throttling element and a reservoir, wherein the throttling element is arranged on a flow path between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; and which further comprises a mode switching flow path in which a first flow path and a second flow path are arranged, the reservoir is arranged on the second flow path and each flow path is controllably opened or closed to realize different functional modes.

Disclosed is a two-stage heating geothermal system using geothermal energy. The two-stage heating geothermal system includes a geothermal heat exchanger, a geothermal heat pump, a booster heat pump, a bypass line, and a bypass line opening and closing valve. The operating efficiency of the two-stage heating geothermal system using geothermal energy is significantly improved. Hot water supply, auxiliary heating, and the like are controlled to be completely independent of main heating.

This air conditioner performs a cooling operation and a heating operation in parallel with each other with an outdoor unit and indoor units connected together through two communication pipes. The air conditioner includes a switching mechanism changing the directions of refrigerants flowing through the communication pipes depending on whether a heating dominant operation is being performed in a first load region where a cooling load is relatively light or a second load region where the cooling load is heavier than in the first load region. In the second load region, the switching mechanism allows a low-pressure refrigerant to flow from the indoor units to the outdoor unit through the second communication pipe thicker than the first communication pipe to reduce a performance deterioration due to the pressure loss involved with the heating dominant operation.

A flexible two-phase cooling apparatus for cooling microprocessors in servers can include a primary cooling loop, a first bypass, and a second bypass. The primary cooling loop can include a reservoir, a pump, an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, and flexible cooling lines extending from the inlet manifold to the outlet manifold. The flexible cooling lines can be routable within server housings and can be fluidly connected to two or more series-connected heat sink modules that are mountable on microprocessors of the servers. The flexible cooling lines can be configured to transport low-pressure, two-phase dielectric coolant. The first bypass can include a first pressure regulator configured to regulate a first bypass flow of coolant through the first bypass. The second bypass can include a second pressure regulator configured to regulate a second bypass flow of coolant through the second bypass.

A method for defrosting an evaporator, includes: (i) closing an outlet part that serves as a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator; (ii) closing an inlet part that serves as a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator; (iii) connecting the outlet part and the inlet part to one another; (iv) heating the evaporator. An evaporator, includes: an inlet part that serves as a refrigerant inlet; a first switching valve that is placed in the inlet part; an outlet part that serves as a refrigerant outlet; a second switching valve that is placed in the outlet part; a bypass pathway that connected the inlet part and the outlet part to one another; a horizontal pipe that is communicated with the inlet part; and a vertical pipe that connects the horizontal pipe and the outlet part to one another. A cooling apparatus can include the evaporator.

A vapor compression refrigeration system having an air dehumidifying system and a heat transfer system. The dehumidifying system has a refrigerant circuit and an air circulating system transporting air from an enclosed space at least partly through the refrigerant circuit and back to the enclosed space. The refrigerant circuit carries a phase change refrigerant which picks up heat from the air passing through the air circulating system. The heat transfer system carries a fluid that will not freeze below the ambient temperature. A heat exchanger connects the refrigerant circuit to the heat transfer system to pass heat from the phase change refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit to the fluid in the heat transfer system. At least one heat removal unit in the heat transfer system to remove heat from the fluid.