A refrigeration system for an outdoor ice skating rink includes a first heat exchanger that has a first conduit therein and is located outdoors. The first conduit has a first inlet and a first outlet and is configured to discharge heat to the outdoor ambient air. The refrigeration system includes a second heat exchanger that has a second conduit therein, and is in thermal communication with water in the ice skating rink. The second conduit has a second inlet and a second outlet and is configured to absorb heat from the water. The second outlet is in fluid communication with the first inlet via a warm-side conduit. The first outlet is in fluid communication with the second inlet via a cold-side conduit. One or more conveying devices are located in a closed loop that includes the first and second conduits, the warm-side conduit, and the cold-side conduit.

A refrigeration system for an outdoor ice skating rink includes a first heat exchanger that has a first conduit therein and is located outdoors. The first conduit has a first inlet and a first outlet and is configured to discharge heat to the outdoor ambient air. The refrigeration system includes a second heat exchanger that has a second conduit therein, and is in thermal communication with water in the ice skating rink. The second conduit has a second inlet and a second outlet and is configured to absorb heat from the water. The second outlet is in fluid communication with the first inlet via a warm-side conduit. The first outlet is in fluid communication with the second inlet via a cold-side conduit. One or more conveying devices are located in a closed loop that includes the first and second conduits, the warm-side conduit, and the cold-side conduit.

A cooling member for a mobile ice rink includes a plurality of pipes for transporting a coolant, wherein the pipes comprise at least two sections coupled by a connector. Cooling elements are provided at the locations of the connectors.

A cooling member for a mobile ice rink includes a plurality of pipes for transporting a coolant, wherein the pipes comprise at least two sections coupled by a connector. Cooling elements are provided at the locations of the connectors.

The present disclosure discloses a method for making an ice surface of an ice rink and an ice rink including the ice surface. In the method, a salt solution is applied to an ice surface. The salt solution contains anions. A concentration of the anions is in a range from about 0.63 mmol/L to about 10 mmol/L. The anions in the salt solution are selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, nitrate ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, chlorate ions, perchlorate ions, thiocyanate ions, and any combination thereof. The ice surface is maintained at a temperature of about −4° C. to about 14° C. to naturally freeze the salt solution.

The present disclosure discloses a method for making an ice surface of an ice rink and an ice rink including the ice surface. In the method, a salt solution is applied to an ice surface. The salt solution contains anions. A concentration of the anions is in a range from about 0.63 mmol/L to about 10 mmol/L. The anions in the salt solution are selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, nitrate ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, chlorate ions, perchlorate ions, thiocyanate ions, and any combination thereof. The ice surface is maintained at a temperature of about −4° C. to about 14° C. to naturally freeze the salt solution.

A CO.sub.2 cooling system includes a compression stage in which CO.sub.2 refrigerant is compressed; a cooling stage in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant releases heat; a CO.sub.2 liquid receiver in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant is accumulated in liquid and gaseous states; an evaporation stage in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant, having released heat in the cooling stage, absorbs heat. The evaporation stage has first and second evaporation sectors; a first metering device for feeding CO.sub.2 refrigerant into the first evaporation sector at a first pressure; and a second metering device for feeding CO.sub.2 refrigerant into the second evaporation sector at a second pressure. The first metering device and the second metering device are operated independently from one another. A plurality of CO.sub.2 transfer lines connects the compression stage, the cooling stage, the CO.sub.2 liquid receiver and the evaporation stage. The CO.sub.2 refrigerant is circulable in a closed-loop circuit.

A CO.sub.2 cooling system includes a compression stage in which CO.sub.2 refrigerant is compressed; a cooling stage in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant releases heat; a CO.sub.2 liquid receiver in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant is accumulated in liquid and gaseous states; an evaporation stage in which the CO.sub.2 refrigerant, having released heat in the cooling stage, absorbs heat. The evaporation stage has first and second evaporation sectors; a first metering device for feeding CO.sub.2 refrigerant into the first evaporation sector at a first pressure; and a second metering device for feeding CO.sub.2 refrigerant into the second evaporation sector at a second pressure. The first metering device and the second metering device are operated independently from one another. A plurality of CO.sub.2 transfer lines connects the compression stage, the cooling stage, the CO.sub.2 liquid receiver and the evaporation stage. The CO.sub.2 refrigerant is circulable in a closed-loop circuit.

A modular assembled artificial skating rink includes a refrigerating system, a plurality of liquid-supply main pipes and air-return main pipes in the same pipe line as the liquid-supply main pipes. The liquid-supply main pipes communicate with a liquid-supply header pipe. The air-return main pipes communicate with an air-return header pipe. The liquid-supply header pipe communicates with a refrigerant-fluid outlet of the refrigerating system through at least a liquid-supply standpipe. The air-return header pipe communicates with an air-recovery end of the refrigerating system through at least an air-return standpipe. Each liquid-supply main pipe is sheathed in a corresponding air-return main pipe, forming a plurality of groups of sleeve main pipes. The artificial skating rink is divided into different modular regions. Each of the regions has sleeve manifolds and ice-making pipes. Each liquid-supply main pipe has a refrigerant-fluid control valve bank, and each air-return main pipe has an air control valve bank.

A modular assembled artificial skating rink includes a refrigerating system, a plurality of liquid-supply main pipes and air-return main pipes in the same pipe line as the liquid-supply main pipes. The liquid-supply main pipes communicate with a liquid-supply header pipe. The air-return main pipes communicate with an air-return header pipe. The liquid-supply header pipe communicates with a refrigerant-fluid outlet of the refrigerating system through at least a liquid-supply standpipe. The air-return header pipe communicates with an air-recovery end of the refrigerating system through at least an air-return standpipe. Each liquid-supply main pipe is sheathed in a corresponding air-return main pipe, forming a plurality of groups of sleeve main pipes. The artificial skating rink is divided into different modular regions. Each of the regions has sleeve manifolds and ice-making pipes. Each liquid-supply main pipe has a refrigerant-fluid control valve bank, and each air-return main pipe has an air control valve bank.