A method for liquefying a feed gas stream. A refrigerant stream is cooled and expanded to produce an expanded, cooled refrigerant stream. Part or all of the expanded, cooled refrigerant stream is mixed with a make-up refrigerant stream in a separator, thereby condensing heavy hydrocarbon components from the make-up refrigerant stream and forming a gaseous expanded, cooled refrigerant stream. The gaseous expanded, cooled refrigerant stream passes through a heat exchanger zone to form a warm refrigerant stream. The feed gas stream is passed through the heat exchanger zone to cool at least part of the feed gas stream by indirect heat exchange with the expanded, cooled refrigerant stream, thereby forming a liquefied gas stream. The warm refrigerant stream is compressed to produce the compressed refrigerant stream.

A method for the liquefaction of hydrogen is provided. The can include the steps of: precooling a hydrogen feed stream in a precooling cold box having a heat exchanger disposed therein to form a cooled hydrogen stream, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool down the feed stream within the precooling cold box by indirect heat exchange between the hydrogen feed stream and a precooling refrigerant; and withdrawing the cooled hydrogen stream from the precooling cold box; introducing the cooled hydrogen stream to a plurality of liquefaction cold boxes, wherein the cooled hydrogen stream liquefies within the plurality of liquefaction cold boxes by indirect heat exchange against a liquefaction refrigerant to form a product hydrogen stream in each of the plurality of liquefaction cold boxes, wherein the product hydrogen stream is in liquid form or pseudo-liquid form wherein there are M total precooling cold boxes and N total liquefaction cold boxes, wherein M is less than N.

The invention primarily concerns a facility for storing and cooling a liquefied gas, for example a liquefied natural gas, the facility comprising at least one tank configured to contain the liquefied gas, a closed cooling circuit configured to be supplied with liquefied gas in the liquid state coming from the tank, at least one injection member configured for reinjecting cooled liquefied gas into the tank, the facility being characterized in that it comprises at least one connection line configured to recover a cooled gas from at least one remote container that is separate and independent from the facility.

A technology liquefies natural gas. The natural gas liquefaction method pre-cools treated natural gas by ethane evaporation, sub-cools liquefied gas using cooled nitrogen as a refrigerant, reduces liquefied gas pressure, separates non-liquefied gas and diverts liquefied natural gas. Before pre-cooling the natural gas is compressed, ethane is evaporated during the multi-stage pre-cooling of liquefied gas with simultaneous evaporation of ethane using cooled ethane as a refrigerant. Ethane generated by evaporation is compressed, condensed and used as a refrigerant during the cooling of liquefied gas and nitrogen, with nitrogen being compressed, cooled, expanded and fed to the natural gas sub-cooling stage. The natural gas liquefaction unit contains a natural gas liquefaction circuit, an ethane circuit and a nitrogen circuit. The natural gas liquefaction circuit includes a natural gas compressor, a cooler unit, ethane vaporizers, a closed-end subcooling heat exchanger, and a separator, connected in series.

Disclosed techniques include controlled liquefaction and energy management. A gas within a first pressure containment vessel is pressurized using a column of liquid. The gas that is being pressurized is cooled using a liquid spray, wherein the liquid spray is introduced into the first pressure containment vessel in a region occupied by the gas. The liquid spray keeps the pressurizing to be isothermal. The gas that was pressurized is metered into a second pressure containment vessel, wherein the metering enables liquefaction of the gas. The gas that was pressurized is stored in a gas capacitor prior to the metering. The gas that was liquefied in the second pressure containment vessel is pushed into a holding tank, wherein the holding tank stores a liquefied state of the gas, and wherein the pushing is accomplished by the pressure of the gas that was metered into the second pressure containment vessel.

A photoelectric hydrogen production energy storage and cold energy recovery coupled dry ice production device and a use method are disclosed. The device comprises a photoelectric conversion liquid hydrogen energy storage unit, photoelectricity participates in electrolysis of water in the storage unit to prepare hydrogen, and surplus hydrogen meeting downstream process requirements is liquefied in the unit; liquid hydrogen is output, so that intermittent photoelectric energy is converted into hydrogen energy to be stored. When hydrogen production through electrolysis of water is insufficient but industrial hydrogen is continuously used, high-grade and low-grade cold energy of low-temperature liquid hydrogen serving as cold sources in the unit is recovered from industrial tail gas purified CO.sub.2 and air separation nitrogen, liquid nitrogen and liquid CO.sub.2 are output and used for the storage unit and dry ice production respectively, and the liquid hydrogen is reheated and supplied to a downstream process.

A system and method for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a natural gas stream. Each of a plurality of LNG trains liquefies a portion of the natural gas stream to generate a warm LNG stream in a first operating mode, and a cold LNG stream in a second operating mode. A sub-cooling unit is configured to, in the first operating mode, sub-cool the warm LNG streams to thereby generate a combined cold LNG stream. The warm LNG streams have a higher temperature than a temperature of the cold LNG streams in the second operating mode and the combined cold LNG stream. The combined cold LNG stream has, in the first operating mode, a higher flow rate than the flow rate of the cold LNG streams in the second operating mode.

A system for natural gas cooling using nitrogen. The system can include a nitrogen liquefier and a natural gas cooler. The nitrogen liquefier can provide liquid nitrogen to the natural gas cooler. One or more heat exchangers of the natural gas cooler can include a gaseous nitrogen output that is in fluid communication with the nitrogen liquefier. In response to receiving gaseous nitrogen at the nitrogen liquefier, from the one or more heat exchangers, a production rate of the the nitrogen liquefier is adjusted.

One object of the present invention is to provide a natural gas liquefaction device which uses noncombustible gas as a refrigerant, and can reduce the power consumption a range of relatively low refrigerant pressure, and the present invention provides a natural gas liquefaction device including a compressor which is configured to compress a refrigerant containing noncombustible gas by a plurality of compression stages; a heat exchanger which is configured to cool and liquefy a natural gas to be a liquefied natural gas; a natural gas liquefaction line which is configured to introduce the natural gas into the heat exchanger and supply the liquefied natural gas to an outside; a first refrigerant line which is configured to introduce a refrigerant-1 passed through the compressor into the heat exchanger, and then further introduce the refrigerant-1 into a decompressor; a second refrigerant line which is configured to introduce the refrigerant-2 decompressed by the decompressor into the heat exchanger, and further introduce the refrigerant-2 into any one of a second compression stage and subsequent stages of the compressor; a third refrigerant line which is configured to be branched from the first refrigerant line and introduce at least a part of the refrigerant-1 into an expansion turbine; and a fourth refrigerant line which is configured to introduce the refrigerant-3 expanded by the expansion turbine into the heat exchanger, and further introduce the refrigerant-3 into a first compression stage of the plurality of compression stages provided in the compressor.

An integrated industrial unit is provided, which can include: a nitrogen source comprising an air separation unit that is configured to provide pressurized gaseous nitrogen and liquid nitrogen; a hydrogen source; a hydrogen liquefaction unit, wherein the hydrogen liquefaction unit comprises a precooling system, and a liquefaction system; and a liquid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the precooling system is configured to receive the gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen source and cool the gaseous hydrogen to a temperature between 70K and 100K, wherein the precooling system comprises a primary refrigeration system and a secondary refrigeration system, wherein the liquefaction system is in fluid communication with the precooling system and is configured to liquefy the gaseous hydrogen received from the precooling system to produce liquid hydrogen, wherein the liquid hydrogen storage tank is in fluid communication with the liquefaction system and is configured to store the liquid hydrogen received from the liquefaction system.