The present disclosure provides a system and method of efficiently designing a compact and modularized midscale liquefied natural gas production train. The train includes Natural Gas Pretreatment and Natural Gas Liquefaction sections designed in a unique way that reduces footprint, capital and operating cost, and overall project schedule. The train is configured into a framed compact multi-level structure with air coolers on the top level and process equipment underneath, which results in significant reduction in footprint compared to conventional stick-built design and significant reduction in footprint compared to conventional modularized design.

A dual-mode LNG liquefier arrangement that is configurable to operate in a first mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier without turbo-expansion or a second mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier with turbo-expansion.

A liquefied gas cooling apparatus including: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by an evaporator for cooling the liquefied gas flowing through the gas flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle expansion unit. The compressor is driven through an electric motor contained in a sealed housing together with a compressor mechanism.

A liquefied gas cooling apparatus includes: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by an evaporator for cooling the liquefied gas flowing through the gas flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle expansion unit. The refrigeration unit includes: an inlet-side open/close valve and an outlet-side open/close valve provided in an inlet path and an outlet path of the compressor, respectively; and a service open/close valve in a refrigerant path between the inlet-side open/close valve and the outlet-side open/close valve.

A marine vessel and method for carbon capture and sequestration are described. The marine vessel includes a buoyant hull, a cryogenic storage tank within the hull, and a gaseous carbon dioxide loading manifold. The marine vessel also includes a carbon dioxide liquefaction system in fluid communication with the cryogenic storage tank downstream of the carbon dioxide liquefaction system and with the gaseous carbon dioxide loading manifold upstream of the carbon dioxide liquefaction system. Finally, the marine vessel includes a carbon dioxide supercritical system in fluid communication with the cryogenic storage tank. In operation, the marine vessel moves between multiple locations, where gaseous carbon dioxide is onboarded, liquified and stored. Thereafter, the marine vessel transports the liquified carbon dioxide to a location adjacent an offshore geological reservoir. The liquefied carbon dioxide is then pressurized to produce supercritical carbon dioxide, which is then injected directly into the reservoir from the marine vessel.

Integration of a natural gas liquefaction system, a hydrogen production system, and power generation system to increase CO2 capture and improve overall plant efficiency. The predominantly methane endflash is sent to the hydrogen production system which produces hydrogen and CO2. The CO2 may be captured or beneficially used. At least a portion of the hydrogen produced is used to fuel gas turbines in the power generation which, in turn, provides power for the refrigeration compressor of the natural gas liquefaction system—either in the form of mechanical work or electricity.

A liquefied gas cooling apparatus including: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by a compressor, a cooling unit, and an expander. The compressor is driven through an electric motor contained in a sealed housing together with a compressor mechanism.

A process for producing liquid oxygen, including an offshore platform the system including cooling a high-pressure nitrogen gas stream in a main heat exchanger, thereby producing a cooled high-pressure nitrogen gas stream, expanding the cooled high-pressure nitrogen gas stream in a turbo-expander, thereby producing a cold low-pressure nitrogen gas stream, warming the cold low-pressure nitrogen gas stream by indirect heat exchange with a high-pressure gaseous oxygen stream, thereby producing a liquefied oxygen stream and a warm low-pressure nitrogen gas stream, wherein, at least a portion of the warm low-pressure nitrogen gas stream is vented to the atmosphere.

A method for large-scale, air-cooled floating liquefaction, storage and offloading of natural gas gathered from onshore gas pipeline networks. Gas gathered from on-shore pipeline quality gas sources and pre-treated to remove unwanted compounds is compressed and cooled onshore before being piped to an offshore vessel for liquefaction to produce LNG.

A method and apparatus for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a natural gas stream. Heavy hydrocarbons are removed from the natural gas stream in a separator to generate a bottom stream and a separated natural gas stream, which is used as a coolant in a heat exchanger to generate a pretreated natural gas stream. The pretreated natural gas stream is compressed and cooled to form a chilled pretreated natural gas stream, part of which forms a recycle stream to exchange heat with the separated natural gas stream in the heat exchanger, thereby generating a cooled recycle stream. The temperature and pressure of the cooled recycle stream are reduced. The cooled recycle stream is then separated into an overhead stream and a reflux stream, which is directed to the separator. The chilled pretreated gas stream is liquefied to form LNG.