A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

Plants for regenerating foundry sand are provided having a combustion chamber, which has at least one inlet for introducing sand to be regenerated into the combustion chamber, nozzles for feeding combustible gas into the combustion chamber, nozzles for injecting air so as to maintain a heated fluidized bed of sand in the combustion chamber, a cooling chamber for cooling sand coming from the combustion chamber, the cooling chamber having nozzles for blowing air in order to maintain a fluidized bed of sand in the cooling chamber, refrigerating pipes arranged above the air nozzles, a communicating duct which connects the combustion chamber with the cooling chamber, the communicating duct including a vertical or inclined lower end portion which is at least partially surrounded by or adjacent to a plurality of the refrigerating pipes in the cooling chamber, and wherein the lower end portion has a bottom outlet arranged at a lower level with respect to at least one of the refrigerating pipes.

Plants for regenerating foundry sand are provided having a combustion chamber, which has at least one inlet for introducing sand to be regenerated into the combustion chamber, nozzles for feeding combustible gas into the combustion chamber, nozzles for injecting air so as to maintain a heated fluidized bed of sand in the combustion chamber, a cooling chamber for cooling sand coming from the combustion chamber, the cooling chamber having nozzles for blowing air in order to maintain a fluidized bed of sand in the cooling chamber, refrigerating pipes arranged above the air nozzles, a communicating duct which connects the combustion chamber with the cooling chamber, the communicating duct including a vertical or inclined lower end portion which is at least partially surrounded by or adjacent to a plurality of the refrigerating pipes in the cooling chamber, and wherein the lower end portion has a bottom outlet arranged at a lower level with respect to at least one of the refrigerating pipes.

A method and its related plant for the thermal treatment of iron containing oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated in a preheating calcining stage and exposed to a reduction gas in a subsequent reduction stage. Off-gas from the reduction stage is guided through a separation device wherein water originating from the reduction stage is separated. The water separated in the separation device is recycled into a water treatment section, from which the recycled water is supplied to a water electrolysis plant and/or a steam reforming plant producing hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is supplied to the reduction stage as reductant and/or to the preheating calcining stage as fuel and/or to the gas heater as fuel and/or from which the recycled water is supplied to the separation device.

A method and its related plant for the thermal treatment of iron containing oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated in a preheating calcining stage and are exposed to a reduction gas in a subsequent reduction stage. Off-gas from the reduction stage is guided through a separation device wherein the water originating from the reduction stage is separated. The off-gas from the preheating calcining stage is guided through a venturi scrubber and a packed bed section downstream of the venturi scrubber to condense water vapor.

A system for capturing carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 by carbonation in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) carbonation reactor wherein temperature profile is adjusted by recirculation of solid fractions of metal oxide MeO and metal carbonate MeCO.sub.3 to the CFB carbonation reactor.

A system for capturing carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 by carbonation in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) carbonation reactor wherein temperature profile is adjusted by recirculation of solid fractions of metal oxide MeO and metal carbonate MeCO.sub.3 to the CFB carbonation reactor.