A flameless combustion oven arranges gas and air jets to directly impinge on the product being heated to substantially promote transfer of heat to the product by impingement transfer rather than by conventional radiation and thermally induced convection. In one embodiment, a set of spaced air and gas nozzles are uniformly distributed on a wall of the oven opposite the product to provide substantially uniform impingement over a surface of the product.

A shuttle kiln according to certain aspects includes at least one flue channel and multiple flue risers in fluid communication with the flue channel, and at least one shuttle defining multiple exhaust shafts arranged above the multiple flue risers, wherein at least one radiation blockers is arranged above outlet ports of the at least one shuttle. Such a configuration blocks line-of-sight radiant heat transfer between (i) heated surfaces above the shuttle within the kiln housing and (ii) outlet ports of the exhaust shafts, thereby enhancing radiant heat retention and reducing temperature variability within a kiln cavity of the shuttle kiln.

The present invention provides a far-infrared radiation heating furnace for steel sheets for hot stamping configured to inhibit thermal deformation of the furnace body and furnace body parts. A far-infrared radiation heating furnace (10) includes heating units (13-1) to (13-6), a ceiling unit (19), and a furnace body frame (12) made of steel, the heating units including: blocks made of a thermal insulation material, the blocks being disposed around horizontal planes of spaces for accommodating the steel sheets for hot stamping; and far-infrared radiation heaters positioned above and below the steel sheets for hot stamping to heat the steel sheets for hot stamping, the furnace body frame being disposed around the heating units and the ceiling unit. The furnace body frame includes spacers (17-1) to (17-7) that space the heating units and the ceiling unit apart from the furnace body frame and support them.

A furnace system including an outer shell which comprises a top flange, an elongated body portion, and a bottom flange, wherein the outer shell is a pressure vessel, with no penetrations in the elongated body portion; a heater assembly which comprises (i) a single-piece annular shaped insulation layer, and (ii) a plurality of heaters embedded in the insulation layer, wherein the heater assembly is disposed within the elongated body portion of the outer shell; and an innermost layer disposed within the annular-shaped insulation layer, wherein the innermost layer is a baffle tube configured to force a natural convective flow, wherein each of the plurality of heaters is individually controllable and the plurality of heaters are configured to heat different zones within the furnace to different temperatures and/or at different rates. The system may be used to heat treat magnet materials, such as those formed of Bi-2212, therein.

Systems and methods for removing carbonaceous clinker material from a coke oven are described. A coke oven can be provided including an oven floor, coke, and clinker material deposited on the oven floor. After a temperature of the coke oven has reached a first temperature (e.g., after heating coal in the oven to produce coke), the method includes increasing the temperature of the coke oven to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature for a predetermined amount of time. After the predetermined amount of time, the temperature is reduced to a third temperature that is lower than the first temperature.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system for treating oily solid material and a method for treating oily solid material. The system for treating oily solid material includes a thermal desorption module, a thermal desorption vapor treatment module and an incondensable gas treatment module. The thermal desorption module includes a vertical furnace body, a stirring shaft and an electromagnetic induction heating coil assembly. The electromagnetic induction heating coil assembly includes a plurality of coil units sequentially arranged at an outer side of the sidewall of the vertical furnace body along the height direction (Y). A heating power of each of the plurality of coil units is configured to be independently controlled.

A heat treatment system includes heating chambers configured to perform heat treatment on objects to be treated, and a conveyance device configured to load each of the objects to be treated into the heating chambers, unload the object to be treated from the heating chambers, and convey the object to be treated under an oxygen-free atmosphere, wherein the conveyance device includes a cooling device configured to perform cooling treatment on the object to be treated.

A vacuum heat treatment apparatus according to the embodiment comprises a chamber; a thermal insulator in the chamber; a reaction container in the thermal insulator; a heating member between the reaction container and the the thermal insulator for heating the reaction container; and a temperature measuring member in or on a surface of the reaction container, wherein the temperature measuring member comprises a thermocouple and a protective tube surrounding the thermocouple, and the protective tube comprises tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), or silicon carbide (SiC).

In an example implementation, a sintering system includes optical fiber installed into a sintering furnace. A support structure inside the furnace is to support a token green object in a predetermined position and to hold a distal end of the fiber adjacent to the predetermined position. A light source is operably engaged at a proximal end of the fiber to transmit light through the fiber into the furnace. A light detector is operably engaged at the proximal end of the fiber to receive reflected light through the fiber that scatters off a surface of the token green object.

A ductile iron composition including, by weight: about 3.1% to about 3.6% C; about 3.5% to about 4.0% Si; about 0.035% to about 0.050% Mg; about 0.001% to about 0.004% Ce; up to about 0.005% Sb; about 0.008% to about 0.016% S; up to about 0.04% P; up to about 0.3% Mn; and balance iron and incidental impurities;
The ductile iron composition includes a ratio of Sb/Ce greater than or equal to about 1.25, has a ferritic microstructure and graphite nodules, and greater than about 65% of the graphite nodules having a highly spherical geometry. A method and apparatus for forming a ductile iron composition are also disclosed.