A method of producing cement clinker and a second calcined material, wherein the cement clinker is produced in a first production line and the second calcined material is produced from a raw material in a second production line by carrying out the following procedures e) optionally drying the raw material in a dryer, g) calcining the optionally dried raw material in a rotary kiln to obtain the second calcined material, wherein the sensible heat of a hot gas in the first production line is used as a heat source in the calcining step g) for calcining the raw material, and wherein the rotary kiln exhaust gas coming from the calcining step g) is introduced into the first production line for the secondary combustion of the rotary kiln exhaust gas.

A cement manufacturing plant can include at least one emission abatement mechanism. In some embodiments, the emission abatement mechanism can utilize a plurality of pulsed gases passed through a reactor to treat a solid particulate material passed through the reactor. The pulsed reactant gas can be pulsed through the reactor so that the pulsed gas passes from a middle portion of the reactor to a first end of the reactor at which the solid particulates can be fed into the reactor. In some embodiments, the reactant gas can be output from the first end to a down corner or other reactant gas conduit for transport to a treatment device.

A cement manufacturing plant can include at least one emission abatement mechanism. In some embodiments, the emission abatement mechanism can utilize a plurality of pulsed gases passed through a reactor to treat a solid particulate material passed through the reactor. The pulsed reactant gas can be pulsed through the reactor so that the pulsed gas passes from a middle portion of the reactor to a first end of the reactor at which the solid particulates can be fed into the reactor. In some embodiments, the reactant gas can be output from the first end to a down corner or other reactant gas conduit for transport to a treatment device.

A system for detecting an hotspots can include: at least one infrared imaging sensor; and an imaging analysis computer operably coupled with the at least one infrared imaging sensor. The imaging analysis computer can be configured to control any infrared imaging sensor and acquire infrared images therefrom at any rate and in any duration. The imaging analysis computer can be configured to analyze the infrared images in order to detect temperatures and identify hotspots. The temperature and hotspot information can be used to control a cooling system that can spray water on and around hotspots for temperature control.

A system for detecting an hotspots can include: at least one infrared imaging sensor; and an imaging analysis computer operably coupled with the at least one infrared imaging sensor. The imaging analysis computer can be configured to control any infrared imaging sensor and acquire infrared images therefrom at any rate and in any duration. The imaging analysis computer can be configured to analyze the infrared images in order to detect temperatures and identify hotspots. The temperature and hotspot information can be used to control a cooling system that can spray water on and around hotspots for temperature control.

To provide a method of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. To provide a manufacturing apparatus capable of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. Provided is a method of forming a positive electrode active material including lithium, a transition metal, oxygen, and fluorine. An adhesion preventing step is performed during heating of an object. Examples of the adhesion preventing step include stirring by rotating a furnace during the heating, stirring by vibrating a container containing an object during the heating, and crushing performed between the plurality of heating steps. By these manufacturing methods, a positive electrode active material having favorable distribution of an additive at the surface portion can be formed.

The disclosure relates to a plant for thermal treatment of solid material to decrease the content of heavy metal elements. The plant comprises one reactor for heating the solid material, which is arranged to have both an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere, and the plant includes a hot gas generator, which is arranged to provide hot gas to the reactor. The disclosure also relates to a method for thermal treatment of solid material and to a method for producing fertilizer precursor.

Method and installation for calcining cement raw meal in a calciner whereby fuel and a calciner oxidant having an oxygen content of at least 30% vol are introduced into the calciner so as to generate either an oxidant-lean zone or a fuel-lean zone in the calciner located between the lowermost fuel inlet level and the lowermost oxidant inlet level of the calciner, between 50% and 100% by weight of the raw meal being supplied to the calciner upstream of and/or within the oxidant-lean, respectively the fuel-lean zone.

Method and installation for calcining cement raw meal in a calciner whereby fuel and a calciner oxidant having an oxygen content of at least 30% vol are introduced into the calciner so as to generate either an oxidant-lean zone or a fuel-lean zone in the calciner located between the lowermost fuel inlet level and the lowermost oxidant inlet level of the calciner, between 50% and 100% by weight of the raw meal being supplied to the calciner upstream of and/or within the oxidant-lean, respectively the fuel-lean zone.

An apparatus for thermally treating mineral solids includes a preheater, a separating apparatus arranged at an outlet of an entrained flow reactor, and a thermal treatment zone at an outlet of a gas stream of the separating apparatus, with an outlet of the treatment zone being connected to an inlet of the preheater for the gas stream. A process may involve preheating a mineral material, thermally treating the mineral material in an entrained flow reactor in a reducing atmosphere for reducing coloring metal compounds, separating a solid/gas mixture from the entrained flow reactor in a separating apparatus, oxidizing reducing constituents of a gas from the separating apparatus in a thermal treatment zone between the separating apparatus and the preheater via supplied oxygen, and supplying gas emerging from the thermal treatment zone to the preheater and thereby utilizing thermal energy recovered in the thermal treatment zone by transfer to mineral material