A fuming enclosure including a heating element and a moveable support or barrier. The heating element may heat a receptacle containing a volatile component. The moveable support or barrier is moveable between a first position, in which the volatile component is not heated by the heating element, and a second position, in which the volatile component is heated by the heating element. The moveable support or barrier may be moveable while maintaining the enclosure sealed. The moveable support or barrier may be automatically moveable. A fuming enclosure with a one-way seal configured to prevent fumes from escaping the enclosure and allow volatile component to flow through the seal into the enclosure while the enclosure is sealed.

A system for treatment of a first material with at least one hazardous material, the system comprising a manufacturing room configured according to safety standards to hold at least one hazardous material. The manufacturing room is configured for the treatment of the first material using the at least one hazardous material as a solvent. A holding room is not configured according to the safety standards and is separated from the manufacturing room by a wall common to the manufacturing room and the holding room. A vacuum oven is embedded in the wall, and has a rear portion in the manufacturing room and a front portion in the holding room. The front door of the oven is configured to be opened from the holding room for removing the first material from the inner cavity following removal of the at least one hazardous material from the first material and from the inner cavity and no electrical components of the vacuum oven extend into the manufacturing room.

Disclosed is a method for forming nanopores. The method includes (A) preparing a dispersion of gold nanoparticles (S100), (B) dipping a membrane in the dispersion to attach the gold nanoparticles to the surface of the membrane (S200), and (C) heating the membrane attached with the gold nanoparticles to a predetermined processing temperature such that the surface layers of the gold nanoparticles are liquefied and evaporated, to form nanopores with predetermined shapes on the membrane (S300).

Disclosed is a method for forming nanopores. The method includes (A) preparing a dispersion of gold nanoparticles (S100), (B) dipping a membrane in the dispersion to attach the gold nanoparticles to the surface of the membrane (S200), and (C) heating the membrane attached with the gold nanoparticles to a predetermined processing temperature such that the surface layers of the gold nanoparticles are liquefied and evaporated, to form nanopores with predetermined shapes on the membrane (S300).

A fuming enclosure including a heating element and a moveable support or barrier. The heating element may heat a receptacle containing a volatile component. The moveable support or barrier is moveable between a first position, in which the volatile component is not heated by the heating element, and a second position, in which the volatile component is heated by the heating element. The moveable support or barrier may be moveable while maintaining the enclosure sealed. The moveable support or barrier may be automatically moveable. A fuming enclosure with a one-way seal configured to prevent fumes from escaping the enclosure and allow volatile component to flow through the seal into the enclosure while the enclosure is sealed.