Polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures are provided which include a selectively emissive layer of a polymer or a polymer matrix composite material. Exemplary selective radiative cooling structures are in the form of a sheet, film or coating. Also provided are methods for removing heat from a body by selective thermal radiation using polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures.

A system and method for providing dry cooling of a source liquid, having a plurality of heat exchangers which depolymerize and polymerize a polymer. Specifically, the depolymerization process is endothermic and draws heat from a source liquid in a first heat exchanger, and the polymerization process is exothermic and expels heat from a second heat exchanger. Additional heat exchangers and holding tanks may be incorporated in the system and method. In some embodiments the system further provides additional cooling of the polymer prior to depolymerization using cooler night ambient air.

A heat exchange system comprises vertical centermost plenum surrounded by the heat exchange coil and housed in a plurality of side panels and a base, the plurality of side panels have air intakes that communicate outside air into the cabinet above the heat exchange coil and sprayers, a stream of spray water and air is drawn downwardly over a heat exchange coil, a portion of the spray water is separated from the air by drawing the air inward to the plenum, the air is then drawn upwardly within the plenum to an exhaust external to the enclosure.

A heat dissipation system apparatus and method of operation using hygroscopic working fluid for use in a wide variety of environments for absorbed water in the hygroscopic working fluid to be released to minimize water consumption in the heat dissipation system apparatus for effective cooling in environments having little available water for use in cooling systems. The system comprises a low-volatility, hygroscopic working fluid to reject thermal energy directly to ambient air. The low-volatility and hygroscopic nature of the working fluid prevents complete evaporation of the fluid and a net consumption of water for cooling, and direct-contact heat exchange allows for the creation of large interfacial surface areas for effective heat transfer. Specific methods of operation prevent the crystallization of the desiccant from the hygrosopic working fluid under various environmental conditions.

Provided are a system and method for reducing the atmospheric release of radioactive materials caused by a severe accident. The system includes a steam generator disposed in a containment building, configured to generate steam by using heat of a coolant heated in a nuclear reactor, and connected to a turbine through a main steam line, a decontamination tank connected to the main steam line through a connection line and containing decontamination water for decontaminating the steam delivered from the steam generator and reducing atmospheric release of radioactive materials when a severe accident occurs, and a depressurizing power generation unit disposed on the connection line and configured to generate emergency power while depressurizing the steam delivered from the steam generator toward the decontamination tank when the severe accident occurs.

Provided are a system and method for reducing the atmospheric release of radioactive materials caused by a severe accident. The system includes a steam generator disposed in a containment building, configured to generate steam by using heat of a coolant heated in a nuclear reactor, and connected to a turbine through a main steam line, a decontamination tank connected to the main steam line through a connection line and containing decontamination water for decontaminating the steam delivered from the steam generator and reducing atmospheric release of radioactive materials when a severe accident occurs, and a depressurizing power generation unit disposed on the connection line and configured to generate emergency power while depressurizing the steam delivered from the steam generator toward the decontamination tank when the severe accident occurs.

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

Polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures are provided which include a selectively emissive layer of a polymer or a polymer matrix composite material. Exemplary selective radiative cooling structures are in the form of a sheet, film or coating. Also provided are methods for removing heat from a body by selective thermal radiation using polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures, and a cold collection system comprising a plurality of the polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures.

A heat dissipation system apparatus and method of operation using hygroscopic working fluid for use in a wide variety of environments for absorbed water in the hygroscopic working fluid to be released to minimize water consumption in the heat dissipation system apparatus for effective cooling in environments having little available water for use in cooling systems. The system comprises a low-volatility, hygroscopic working fluid to reject thermal energy directly to ambient air. The low-volatility and hygroscopic nature of the working fluid prevents complete evaporation of the fluid and a net consumption of water for cooling, and direct-contact heat exchange allows for the creation of large interfacial surface areas for effective heat transfer. Specific methods of operation prevent the crystallization of the desiccant from the hygrosopic working fluid under various environmental conditions.