A vertical ground heat exchanger for reducing the temperature in the carbonaceous shale rock mass and preventing roadbed frost heave includes a heating mechanism, a heat releasing component respectively connected to both ends of the heating mechanism and a refrigeration heat exchange mechanism. The refrigeration heat exchange mechanism is connected to the lower end of the heating mechanism through a heat transfer pipeline and communicates with the heat releasing component. The heat releasing component includes a double-layer heat exchange tube component, a gas-liquid separator and a branch tube, wherein the double-layer heat exchange tube component is respectively connected to the both ends of the heating mechanism, the gas-liquid separator is connected to the double-layer heat exchange tube component, and the branch tube is connected between the gas-liquid separator and the refrigeration heat exchange mechanism. The double-layer heat exchange tube component includes an upper bellows and a lower bellows.

A heat exchange device comprising phase change material-impregnated heat conductive foam disposed between fluid stream channels in a heat exchanger element.

Heat exchanger fins and heat exchangers are disclosed. The heat exchanger fins disclosed herein comprise louvers and winglet-type vortex generators arranged to improve heat transfer efficiency.

The present invention is related to an advanced control method—including a fast response method—to stabilize, optimize and or maximize the output flow of an evaporation unit via ultrasonic controlled sound or vibration applied to the said evaporation unit. The invention further provides equipment wherein said method is being implemented, such as an evaporation or separation unit.

A heat exchanger satisfies Expression (1) below, where the number of the main heat transfer tubes is represented as N.sub.1, and the number of the sub-heat transfer tubes is represented as N.sub.2. In this heat exchanger, the main heat exchanger satisfies Expressions (2) and (3) below, while the sub-heat exchanger satisfies Expressions (4) and (5) below.

0.1<N.sub.2(N.sub.1+N.sub.2)<0.4  (1)

0.03<Ta.sub.1/Ha.sub.1<0.3  (2)

0.03<Ta.sub.2/Ha.sub.2<0.3  (3)

AT.sub.1<Gr.sub.1/(G×D.sub.1(ρL.sub.1−ρG.sub.1)).sup.(1/2)×(X.sub.1.sup.(1/2)×ρG.sub.1.sup.(−1/4)+(1−X.sub.1).sup.(1/2)×ρL.sub.1.sup.(−1/4)).sup.2  (4)

AT.sub.2<Gr.sub.2/(G×D.sub.2(ρL.sub.2−ρG.sub.2)).sup.(1/2)×(X.sub.2.sup.(1/2)×ρG.sub.2.sup.(−1/4)+(1−X.sub.2).sup.(1/2)×ρL.sub.2.sup.(−1/4)).sup.2  (5)

An end cover structure and a water chiller. The end cover structure includes: an end cover body; a water inlet pipe, provided on the end cover body; a water outlet pipe, provided on the end cover body, the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe being provided independent of each other; a bypass pipeline in which two cavities are formed, one of the two cavities being communicated with the water inlet pipe, and the other being communicated with the water outlet pipe; and an adjusting member, movably provided in the bypass pipeline. The adjusting member is movable to adjust the communication between the two cavities.

A laser weapon system is described. Particularly, embodiments describe subsystems of a laser weapon system including those necessary for laser generation, operational control, optical emission, and heat dissipation configured to provide a lightweight unit of reduced dimensions.

Omniphilic and superomniphilic surfaces for simultaneous vapor condensation and airborne liquid droplet collection are provided. Also provided are methods for using the surfaces to condense liquid vapor and/or capture airborne liquid droplets, such as water droplets found in mist and fog. The surfaces provide enhanced capture and transport efficiency based on preferential capillary condensation on high surface energy surfaces, thin film dynamics, and force convection.

To improve the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger that includes an upstream heat exchange unit and a downstream heat exchange unit. When the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, a gas outlet pipe is an upstream refrigerant outlet that is located adjacent to the other end of upstream flat pipes of the upstream heat exchange unit, and a gas outlet pipe is a downstream refrigerant outlet that is located adjacent to the other end of downstream flat pipes of the downstream heat exchange unit. First resistance to refrigerant flow in the upstream heat exchange unit and second resistance to refrigerant flow in the downstream heat exchange unit are adjusted in order that the degree of superheating of refrigerant at the downstream refrigerant outlet is smaller than the degree of superheating of refrigerant at the upstream refrigerant outlet.

A heat exchanger carries out heat exchange between a refrigerant that undergoes a phase change during heat exchange and another heating medium. The heat exchanger includes headers having the refrigerant flowing through interiors, a plurality of multi-hole first flat tubes, and a plurality of second flat tubes. The first flat tubes extend in a direction intersecting a lengthwise direction of the headers. The first flat tubes have a plurality of refrigerant flow channels with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow channels. The second flat tubes are stacked alternately with respect to the first flat tubes, with the other heating medium flowing through the second flat tubes. The headers are arranged to extend along a horizontal direction.