A flow reactor can promote a reaction under appropriate temperature management, can precent reaction fluid or generated gas from being trapped in a heat transmission part, can be disassembled for easy cleaning, and to which a coating or lining can be applied. This flow reactor is provided with two flow paths, a reaction flow path and a second flow path, in a space formed between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder that are concentric. A spiral heat transmission body is disposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the spiral heat transmission body has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape in an axial cross-sectional view. The spiral heat transmission body partitions the space into the reaction flow path and the second flow path, and heat is exchanged via the spiral heat transmission body between a reaction fluid F1 flowing through the reaction flow path and a heat medium F2 flowing through the second flow path.

A flow reactor is structured to increase the overall heat transfer coefficient, which represents the efficiency of heat exchange with respect to a reactive fluid to be treated. This flow reactor is provided with three flow passages, which are a first flow passage, a second flow passage, and a third flow passage which spirally circulate within a space formed between an inner tube and an outer tube. The flow passages are compartmented by an inner heat transfer body and an outer heat transfer bodies. The heat transfer bodies spirally circulate, have a screw-like cross-sectional shape in an axial cross-sectional view, and are assembled in a screw-like configuration. By changing the shapes of a male-thread portion and a female-thread portion, the flow passage area of the first flow passage is changed, the second flow passage and the third flow passage are spirally formed, and heat exchange and reaction take place through the heat transfer bodies.

Freeze-protection systems and techniques are identified, particularly for equipment of swimming pools and spas. Included within structures subject to receiving water subject to freezing are means for accommodating expanded volumes of the water as it freezes. In this manner, the expanded volumes are less likely to cause damage to the structures themselves.

A heat exchanger system is provided with at least one heat exchanger for heating the suction gas between the evaporator and the compressor inlet, which heat exchanger is heated by the refrigerant liquid. It is the object to achieve dry suction gas from a flooded evaporator. It is an object to achieve heat exchange with a minimum flow restriction. The objects can be fulfilled by a heat exchanger including a circulating path for the suction gas and for the refrigerant liquid. Hereby it can be achieved that the circulating path forms a highly effective heat exchanger. The circulating path can be achieved with a very large heat-transmitting surface. The circulation of the suction gas will force liquid particles in the suction gas to be forced outside in the circulating path and in that way come in direct thermal contact with the surface that separates the suction gas from the refrigerant liquid.

Heat transfer device (10) for heating a fluid or a fluid foam on demand comprising a path (30) through which the fluid or the fluid foam circulates and at least one layer (11) made of a thermally conductive material, the path (30) being in contact with the layer (11) in such a way that when the layer (11) is heated it transmits heat to the fluid or fluid foam as it circulates through the path (30), wherein the path (30) and the part of the layer (11) in contact with said path (30) are detachably configured so that they are made accessible for being cleaned.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising a first-type cyclone cooler having a first configuration. The apparatus also provides one or more second-type cyclone coolers, wherein each one or more second-type cyclone coolers has a substantially identical second configuration to respective other one or more second-type cyclone coolers, wherein the second configuration is different than the first configuration. The apparatus may also provide an air cooled heat exchanger, a coil condenser and one or more bubblers. The first-type cyclone cooler and the one or more second-type cyclone coolers are connected. One of the one or more second-type cyclone coolers is connected to the air cooled heat exchanger. The air cooled heat exchanger is connected to the coil condenser. The coil condenser is connected to the one or more bubblers.

The present disclosure relates to a shell-and-multi-double concentric-tube reactor and a shell-and-multi-double concentric-tube heat exchanger, and to a shell- and-multi-double concentric-tube reactor and a shell-and-multi-double concentric-tube heat exchanger which provide a new type of reactor and a heat exchanger, thereby maximizing catalyst performance and improving performance of the reactor by optimizing heat exchange efficiency and a heat flow, uniformly distributing a reactant, and increasing a flow rate of the reactant, and accordingly making the reactor and the heat exchanger compact.

A counterflow heat transfer system comprises a heat exchanger and a flow controller arranged to convey a first fluid through the heat exchanger in a first flow direction and a second fluid through the heat exchanger in a second counterflow direction. The heat exchanger comprises at least one first thermally conductive tube conveying the first fluid and at least one second thermally conductive tube conveying the second fluid. The first and second tubes are wound around one another and in contact with one another in an entwined tubular arrangement.

In at least one embodiment, the liquid circulation system comprises a rotor located within a tank, a stator having a plurality of coils outside the tank, and an exterior tank wall that is non-magnetic and that is located next to the rotor and between the rotor and the stator,
wherein an axis (R) of rotation of the rotor is in parallel with the exterior tank wall, the coils of the stator are arranged along the axis (R) of rotation of the rotor so that the rotor is configured to be rotated by the stator in a touchless manner through the exterior tank wall by means of a varying electromagnetic field driven by the stator to circulate a liquid within the tank.

A method for transferring heat between a first fluid and a second fluid includes providing a tubeless heat exchanger having a tubeless heat exchanger core, the tubeless heat exchanger core having an inner casing and an outer casing disposed around the inner casing, the inner and outer casings defining therebetween a flow passage for a thermal transfer fluid to flow, the tubeless heat exchanger core having a core inlet arranged to receive the first fluid and a core outlet arranged to provide the first fluid, the core inlet and core outlet being fluidically connected to the flow passage, and at least one of the core inlet and core outlet being disposed on the inner casing, wherein each of the outer casing and the inner casing has an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the respective inner surfaces face each other and define therebetween the flow passage for the first fluid to flow from the core inlet to the core outlet and wherein at least a portion of the respective outer surfaces are arranged to be contacted by the second fluid, and providing the first fluid into the core inlet to transfer heat between the first fluid and the second fluid through at least a portion of both the inner and outer casings. In some embodiments, the first fluid may be a thermal transfer fluid, the second fluid may be a production fluid, and the production fluid may be held in a vessel, such as a pressure vessel.