Functionalized textile materials are provided. At least a portion of a textile surface in includes a ceramic material, such as a binderless porous structured ceramic, and optionally, one or more functional layer is applied, resulting in a textile material with one or more desirable functional properties, such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, photocatalysis, anti-fouling, and/or deodorant properties.

A fire tube with three hollow tube sections, two of which are parallel to each other and one of which is perpendicular to and connects the ends of the first two tube sections. The bottom-most tube section, which contains the burner, has an inner ceramic liner that is made up of one or more separate ceramic tubular sections. An upper set of cooling fins surrounds the top part of the bottom-most tube section, and a lower set of cooling fins surrounds the bottom part of the bottom-most tube section.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an apparatus (or a plant comprising a plurality of apparatuses), for example a heat exchanger, a vaporizer or a distillation column, for use in a process (in particular a continuously operated process) for concentrating a mineral acid by evaporation of water, wherein the apparatus or the plant comprises (at least) a device which is resistant to the mineral acid and the device is flushed with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution having a concentration by mass of alkali metal hydroxide in the range from 1% to 30% at a temperature in the range from 40° C. to 90° C. for a time of from 2 hours to 7 days.

A heat exchanger with which a fluid to be treated or a generated gas can be prevented from stagnating in a heat transfer part, which can be disassembled for good washability, and which can be coated or lined. The heat exchanger is provided with tow flow passages, i.e. a first flow passage and a second flow passage, within a space formed between an inner tube and an outer tube which are concentric to each other. A spiral heat transfer body is disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the spiral heat transfer body has a cross-sectional shape that is substantially triangular in the axial-direction cross section. The space is partitioned into the first flow passage and the second flow passage by the spiral heat transfer body, and heat is exchanged via the spiral heat transfer body between a first fluid flowing within the first flow passage and a fluid flowing within the second flow passage.

A heat exchanger with which a fluid to be treated or a generated gas can be prevented from stagnating in a heat transfer part, which can be disassembled for good washability, and which can be coated or lined. The heat exchanger is provided with tow flow passages, i.e. a first flow passage and a second flow passage, within a space formed between an inner tube and an outer tube which are concentric to each other. A spiral heat transfer body is disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the spiral heat transfer body has a cross-sectional shape that is substantially triangular in the axial-direction cross section. The space is partitioned into the first flow passage and the second flow passage by the spiral heat transfer body, and heat is exchanged via the spiral heat transfer body between a first fluid flowing within the first flow passage and a fluid flowing within the second flow passage.

A casing is provided with a partition portion extending in a vertical direction so as to partition an outdoor space and an accommodation chamber from each other. The partition portion has an opening for providing communication between the outdoor space and the accommodation chamber. An eaves portion is provided above the opening.

A casing is provided with a partition portion extending in a vertical direction so as to partition an outdoor space and an accommodation chamber from each other. The partition portion has an opening for providing communication between the outdoor space and the accommodation chamber. An eaves portion is provided above the opening.

A heat and mass transfer component comprises a lubricant-impregnated surface including hydrophobic surface features, which comprise nanostructured surface protrusions having a hydrophobic species attached thereto. The hydrophobic surface features are impregnated with a fluorinated lubricant having a viscosity in a range from about 400 mPa.Math.s to about 6000 mPa.Math.s. A method of fabricating a lubricant-impregnated surface on a heat and mass transfer component comprises: cleaning a thermally conductive substrate to form a cleaned substrate; exposing the cleaned substrate to a hot water or hot alkaline solution to form a thermally conductive substrate having nanostructured surface protrusions; depositing a hydrophobic species on the nanostructured surface protrusions to form hydrophobic surface features; and coating the hydrophobic surface features with a fluorinated lubricant having a viscosity in a range from 400 mPa.Math.s to 6000 mPa.Math.s. The heat and mass transfer component may exhibit a substantial increase in heat transfer coefficient during hydrocarbon condensation.

A heat and mass transfer component comprises a lubricant-impregnated surface including hydrophobic surface features, which comprise nanostructured surface protrusions having a hydrophobic species attached thereto. The hydrophobic surface features are impregnated with a fluorinated lubricant having a viscosity in a range from about 400 mPa.Math.s to about 6000 mPa.Math.s. A method of fabricating a lubricant-impregnated surface on a heat and mass transfer component comprises: cleaning a thermally conductive substrate to form a cleaned substrate; exposing the cleaned substrate to a hot water or hot alkaline solution to form a thermally conductive substrate having nanostructured surface protrusions; depositing a hydrophobic species on the nanostructured surface protrusions to form hydrophobic surface features; and coating the hydrophobic surface features with a fluorinated lubricant having a viscosity in a range from 400 mPa.Math.s to 6000 mPa.Math.s. The heat and mass transfer component may exhibit a substantial increase in heat transfer coefficient during hydrocarbon condensation.

A heat exchanger includes a metal base defining a heat exchange channel for flowing at least one of a refrigerant and a coolant therein, and a coating layer coated at least a part of an outer surface of the metal base. The coating layer includes sol particles and an antibacterial material, where the sol particles include silica. The antibacterial material includes a rare earth element oxide. By combining the antibacterial agent containing the rare earth element oxide with sol, the advantages of each component can be fully utilized. On the one hand, it is easier to attach the antibacterial material via the sol, and on the other hand a surface of the metal base of the heat exchanger can have a good antibacterial and mold-inhibiting effects, which is beneficial to cost reduction.