A laserless combat simulation device includes at least one processing device and a memory device having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the at least one processing device cause the at least one processing device to receive a trigger event from a weapon device. The instructions further cause the at least one processing device to receive image data from an optical sensor array of the weapon device of a field of view of the weapon device, receive position information and orientation information of the weapon device at the time of the trigger event, analyze the image data to determine an identity and location of a target, and calculate a ballistic outcome based at least in part on the position information and orientation information of the weapon device, the identity and location of the target, and ballistic characteristics of a simulated round fired from the weapon device.

The embodied invention features a combination display with four individual displays to facilitate handgun training with a laser firing hand weapon. The first is a target display with a skeletal hand-arm position of a trainee. The second is a side view of the skeletal hand-arm position. The third a target display to provide for viewing the shots as they hit the target. The fourth display is a side view of the trainee as seen by a video camera. All of the displays are recorded during a laser target practice and are immediately available for the trainee to view and learn about correct positioning and stability.

Resolution of perspective in three dimensions is necessary for intermeshing real players into simulated environments during virtual training exercises. With the advent of high resolution image sensors the ability to sense position and orientation using image capture devices is possible. The combination of small sized sensors and image recognition tracking algorithms allows the tracking element to be placed directly on the device whose perspective is desired. This provides a solution to determining perspective as it provides a direct measurement from the center axis of the observer. This invention employs a perspective tracking device to determine a point-of-gaze or a point-of-aim in a three-dimensional space to a high degree of accuracy. Point-of-gaze may be used to determine views for head mounted displays and aim-points for weapons. The invention may operate in an unconstrained space allowing simulation participants to operate in a larger, open environment. Areas of interest in the environment are bounded by area of interest markers which identify the region and its physical constraints.

A live-fire simulation system uses a position sensitive detector (PSD) in a weapon-mounted sensor to intercept emitted light from target emitters spatially distributed about a target. Each target emitter is modulated with a unique frequency. The system can thus not only determine the points of interception on the PSD but also determine which emitter caused which interception by using a frequency analysis.

A shooting system including a target, a gun, and a data processing device is provided. The target includes two or more infrared LEDs, the gun has image capturing means for capturing an image of the target via a visible light cutoff filter provided in its gun barrel while including a switch which operates in conjunction with movement of a trigger and transmission control means for transmitting image data acquired by the image capturing means when this switch operates, and the data processing device includes receiving means for receiving the image data sent from the transmission control means in the gun, calculation means for detecting a light spot position of each of the infrared LEDs from the image data and calculating a distance from the gun to the target and a bullet landing position on the target based on the light spot position, and display means for displaying a result of the calculation.