Systems and methods disclosed for use in identifying and duplicating objects, particularly access devices such as house keys, office keys, automobile keys, and RFID key fobs. Within a singular housing, the customizable systems may include any or all of a key identification system, a key duplication system, an automobile key identification system, and/or an RFID key fob duplication system. Unique capabilities of the systems include the ability to verify that an existing automobile key matches data input by the user pertaining to the associated automobile. Further, the systems reduce frustration, error, and waste by programming a duplicate blank RFID key fob in a fully automated manner within the housing of the machine. To facilitate this process, blank RFID key fobs may be stored inside of the housing within RFID key fob containers that are readily stacked and dispensed.

Systems and methods disclosed for use in identifying and duplicating objects, particularly access devices such as house keys, office keys, automobile keys, and RFID key fobs. Within a singular housing, the customizable systems may include any or all of a key identification system, a key duplication system, an automobile key identification system, and/or an RFID key fob duplication system. Unique capabilities of the systems include the ability to verify that an existing automobile key matches data input by the user pertaining to the associated automobile. Further, the systems reduce frustration, error, and waste by programming a duplicate blank RFID key fob in a fully automated manner within the housing of the machine. To facilitate this process, blank RFID key fobs may be stored inside of the housing within RFID key fob containers that are readily stacked and dispensed.

Method, imaging system (5), data processing device (60) and system (10) for determination of a 3D information (90), especially of a point cloud (80) or of a 3D surface reconstruction (81) or of a 3D object (82), of an inner part (55) of a metallurgical vessel (50) or of a modification, the method comprising the steps of providing (100) a metallurgical vessel (50); capturing (110) a first optical image (21) of at least one first inner part (51) of the metallurgical vessel (50), from a first imaging device position (22) outside of the metallurgical vessel (50), with a first optical axis (23), by a first imaging device (20); capturing (120) a second optical image (31) of at least one second inner part (52) of the metallurgical vessel (50), from a second imaging device position (32) outside of the metallurgical vessel (50), with a second optical axis (33), by a second imaging device (30); calculating (130) a 3D information (90), such as a point cloud (80) or a 3D surface reconstruction (81) or a 3D object (82), of at least one inner part (55) of the metallurgical vessel (50) from at least the first optical image (21) and the second optical image (31), whereas the first optical image (21) is captured from a first fixed imaging device position (22) with a first fixed optical axis (23) and whereas the second optical image (31) is captured from a second fixed imaging device position (32) with a second fixed optical axis (33).

Method, imaging system (5), data processing device (60) and system (10) for determination of a 3D information (90), especially of a point cloud (80) or of a 3D surface reconstruction (81) or of a 3D object (82), of an inner part (55) of a metallurgical vessel (50) or of a modification, the method comprising the steps of providing (100) a metallurgical vessel (50); capturing (110) a first optical image (21) of at least one first inner part (51) of the metallurgical vessel (50), from a first imaging device position (22) outside of the metallurgical vessel (50), with a first optical axis (23), by a first imaging device (20); capturing (120) a second optical image (31) of at least one second inner part (52) of the metallurgical vessel (50), from a second imaging device position (32) outside of the metallurgical vessel (50), with a second optical axis (33), by a second imaging device (30); calculating (130) a 3D information (90), such as a point cloud (80) or a 3D surface reconstruction (81) or a 3D object (82), of at least one inner part (55) of the metallurgical vessel (50) from at least the first optical image (21) and the second optical image (31), whereas the first optical image (21) is captured from a first fixed imaging device position (22) with a first fixed optical axis (23) and whereas the second optical image (31) is captured from a second fixed imaging device position (32) with a second fixed optical axis (33).

An example method includes receiving a 2D image of a 3D space from an optical camera, identifying, in the 2D image. A virtual image generated by an optical instrument refracting and/or reflecting the light is identified. The example method further includes identifying, in the 2D image, a first object depicting a subject disposed in the 3D space from a first direction extending from the optical camera to the subject and identifying, in the virtual image, a second object depicting the subject disposed in the 3D space from a second direction extending from the optical camera to the subject via the optical instrument, the second direction being different than the first direction. A 3D image depicting the subject based on the first object and the second object is generated. Alternatively, a location of the subject in the 3D space is determined based on the first object and the second object.

A gas, which flows between a welding device and work pieces while the work pieces are welded together, has large influence on the welding. A sensor device includes a sensor unit and a container that includes a housing case (i.e., housing portion) and a shielding member (i.e., shielding portion). The shielding member is attached to the housing case, and shields radiation heat directed toward the lower surface of the housing case among radiation heat generated while the work pieces W are welded together. The shielding member is inclined with respect to a flow direction of a gas passing through an outlet port for detection of a second gas flow channel so that the gas discharged from the outlet port for detection is blown to the shielding member and thus flows to a side opposite to the side where the work pieces W are to be welded together.

A gas, which flows between a welding device and work pieces while the work pieces are welded together, has large influence on the welding. A sensor device includes a sensor unit and a container that includes a housing case (i.e., housing portion) and a shielding member (i.e., shielding portion). The shielding member is attached to the housing case, and shields radiation heat directed toward the lower surface of the housing case among radiation heat generated while the work pieces W are welded together. The shielding member is inclined with respect to a flow direction of a gas passing through an outlet port for detection of a second gas flow channel so that the gas discharged from the outlet port for detection is blown to the shielding member and thus flows to a side opposite to the side where the work pieces W are to be welded together.

An integrated optical assembly is provided, with enhancements that are particularly useful when the integrated optical assembly forms part of a laser radar system. The integrated optical assembly produces a reference beam that is related to the optical characteristics of a scanning reflector, or to changes in position or orientation of the scanning reflector relative to a source. Thus, if the scanning reflector orientation were to shift from its intended orientation (due e.g. to thermal expansion) or if characteristics of the scanning reflector (e.g. the index of refraction of the scanning reflector) were to change on account of temperature changes, the reference beam can be used to provide data that can be used to account for such changes. In addition, if the scanning reflector were to be positioned in an orientation other than the orientation desired, the reference beam can be used in identifying and correcting that positioning.

An integrated optical assembly is provided, with enhancements that are particularly useful when the integrated optical assembly forms part of a laser radar system. The integrated optical assembly produces a reference beam that is related to the optical characteristics of a scanning reflector, or to changes in position or orientation of the scanning reflector relative to a source. Thus, if the scanning reflector orientation were to shift from its intended orientation (due e.g. to thermal expansion) or if characteristics of the scanning reflector (e.g. the index of refraction of the scanning reflector) were to change on account of temperature changes, the reference beam can be used to provide data that can be used to account for such changes. In addition, if the scanning reflector were to be positioned in an orientation other than the orientation desired, the reference beam can be used in identifying and correcting that positioning.

A calibrated three-dimensional optical measuring apparatus for the three-dimensional measurement of geometric parameters of a rope has a frame defining and arranged around a rope receiving cavity. A plurality of image acquisition devices is configured to acquire a plurality of digital images of at least one region of an outer surface of the rope. The image acquisition devices are fixed to the frame and arranged around the rope when the calibrated three-dimensional optical measuring apparatus receives the rope in the rope receiving cavity. An attachment device is configured to constrain the calibrated three-dimensional optical measuring apparatus to the rope in a relatively translatable manner with respect to the rope. An electronic digital image processing device is configured to process a multiplicity of digital images and obtain a three-dimensional photogrammetric reconstruction of points of the digital images of the rope acquired by the image acquisition devices.