A target of a geodetic system based on global and local identification references. The target comprises a light emitter (LE) for emitting n predetermined modulated light patterns (MLPs) permanently assigned to one of m (m>n) global identification reference (GIR). The target transmits or receives data based on the assigned GIR. The geodetic system further comprises a geodetic surveying instrument comprising an optical sensor (OS) receives the MLPs and digitizes them using a fast sampling analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). A computing system selects one of the targets or receives a selection of the at least one target assigned to a selected GIR. One of n local identification references (LIRs) is temporarily assigned to the selected GIR. The light emitter of the selected target is directed to emit an MLP corresponding with the assigned LIR. Thus, by detection of the assigned LIR, the selected target is identified.

A target of a geodetic system based on global and local identification references. The target comprises a light emitter (LE) for emitting n predetermined modulated light patterns (MLPs) permanently assigned to one of m (m>n) global identification reference (GIR). The target transmits or receives data based on the assigned GIR. The geodetic system further comprises a geodetic surveying instrument comprising an optical sensor (OS) receives the MLPs and digitizes them using a fast sampling analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). A computing system selects one of the targets or receives a selection of the at least one target assigned to a selected GIR. One of n local identification references (LIRs) is temporarily assigned to the selected GIR. The light emitter of the selected target is directed to emit an MLP corresponding with the assigned LIR. Thus, by detection of the assigned LIR, the selected target is identified.

In various aspects, there is provided a system and method for determining a mediated reality positioning offset for a virtual camera pose to display geospatial object data. The method comprising: determining or receiving positioning parameters associated with a neutral position; subsequent to determining or receiving the positioning parameters associated with the neutral position, receiving positioning data representing a subsequent physical position; determining updated positioning parameters associated with the subsequent physical position; determining a updated offset comprising determining a geometric difference between the positioning parameters associated with a neutral position and the updated positioning parameters associated with the subsequent physical position; and outputting the updated offset.

A surveying pole system comprising a surveying pole including two telescopic sections for providing length adjustability. At a first end of the surveying pole, a pointing tip is disposed for positioning on a target point of the environment. At a second end, a length reference point is disposed. The surveying pole also includes a locking mechanism for locking the length adjustability in respective lock-in positions. Each of the lock-in positions provides a corresponding distance between the pointing tip and the length reference point. A plurality of coded identifiers have a predetermined code associated with one of the lock-in positions. The surveying pole also includes a coded-identifier reader for reading the code of a respective coded identifier associated with the respective lock-in position, a communication device configured for transmitting a signal to a surveying instrument, wherein the signal is based at least on the read code.

This fin tip position measurement method comprises: a jig installation step for installing a jig having a flat measurement surface expanded in a circumferential direction and an axial direction to a tip of at least one among a plurality of seal fins that protrude in a radial direction with respect to an axial line, extend in the circumferential direction, and are arranged in a direction in which the axial line extends; a first measurement step for measuring a distance from the axial line to the measurement surface by scanning the measurement surface with a laser beam; and a first calculation step for calculating a distance from the axial line to the tip of the seal fin by adding a radial dimension of the jig to the distance to the measurement surface.

The present application relates to tunnel monitoring and measuring, more particularly, to a quick fixing device for measuring a tunnel peripheral convergence and an application method thereof. A right-angle steel sheet includes a first steel sheet and a second steel sheet which are vertically fixed with each other. The fastener vertically penetrates the first steel sheet, and an explosive powder loading portion on a rear end of the fastener is arranged at a side of the second steel sheet. The reinforcing steel sheet is respectively connected to the first steel sheet and the second steel sheet as a reinforcing bar. A through hole is provided on the reinforcing spacer, through which the reinforcing spacer is sleeved on the fastener. The reinforcing spacer is arranged between the explosive powder loading portion on the rear end of the fastener and the first steel sheet.

Provided is a target instrument including a pole, a prism provided on the pole, and a terminal device provided on the pole, wherein the terminal device comprises an image pickup module, a tilt sensor which detects tilts in two axial directions, and an arithmetic control module, wherein the image pickup module acquires an image which includes a reference object, the tilt sensor detects a tilt angle of a target instrument, and the arithmetic control module calculates a tilt direction of the target instrument from a position of the reference object in the image, calculates a tilt direction of the target instrument based on tilt angles in the two axial directions of the tilt sensor, acquires a deviation between the two tilt directions, and corrects the tilt angles in the two axial directions of the tilt sensor to tilt angles in directions parallel to an optical axis of the image pickup module and orthogonal to the optical axis based on the deviation.

A reflector arrangement for position determination and/or marking of target points, comprising a retroreflector and a first sensor arrangement, by means of which the orientation measurement radiation passing through the retroreflector is acquirable. The first sensor arrangement comprises a first optical assembly providing a fisheye lens, and a first sensor, wherein the retroreflector and the first sensor arrangement are arranged in such a way that orientation measurement radiation passing through the retroreflector is projectable onto the detection surface of the first sensor by means of the first optical assembly.

A reflector arrangement for position determination and/or marking of target points, comprising a retroreflector and a first sensor arrangement, by means of which the orientation measurement radiation passing through the retroreflector is acquirable. The first sensor arrangement comprises a first optical assembly providing a fisheye lens, and a first sensor, wherein the retroreflector and the first sensor arrangement are arranged in such a way that orientation measurement radiation passing through the retroreflector is projectable onto the detection surface of the first sensor by means of the first optical assembly.

A surveying system includes a target unit having a reflection target and an encoder pattern showing an angle of the target unit; a scanner configured to acquire three-dimensional point cloud data, measured coordinates of the target, and optically read the encoder pattern to acquire an encoder pattern read angle; and a leveling base configured to selectively allow either of the target unit and the scanner to be removably mounted. The scanner calculates a direction angle of the leveling base based on the encoder pattern read angle and the offset angle of the target unit, calculates coordinates of an installation point of the target unit based on the measured coordinates of the target and the direction angle of the target, and calculates a direction angle of the scanner based on the offset angle of the scanner and the direction angle of the leveling base on which the scanner is mounted.