An inclination sensor for determining an angle of inclination relative to the gravitational vector includes comprising a fluid container and a first pressure sensor pair configured to measure a hydrostatic pressure in the connecting fluid. Temperature sensors are assigned to the sensors. A processor is configured to determine: a relative height (h) in the direction of gravity between the pressure sensors, an angle of inclination with respect to the gravitational vector based on the determined relative height (h) and the fixed locations of the pressure sensors, and relative height in the direction of gravity and the angle of inclination, also based on the measured temperatures.

A settlement monitoring system 1 for a construction site 400, the system 1 comprising an elongate liquid vessel 100, a continuous body of liquid 110 within the vessel 100, a first sensor 201 housed within a first portion of the vessel, and at least one additional sensor 202 206 housed within a second portion of the liquid vessel 100, wherein the sensors 201-206 are submerged within the liquid 110 and each sensor 201-206 is capable of detecting a pressure of the liquid 110, wherein in use the first portion of the liquid vessel 100 is configured to be situated at a known reference point of the site 400, the second portion is configured to be embedded within the ground 416, and the pressures are communicated to a surface system 308, the surface system 308 being configured to record the pressures.

A settlement monitoring system 1 for a construction site 400, the system 1 comprising an elongate liquid vessel 100, a continuous body of liquid 110 within the vessel 100, a first sensor 201 housed within a first portion of the vessel, and at least one additional sensor 202 206 housed within a second portion of the liquid vessel 100, wherein the sensors 201-206 are submerged within the liquid 110 and each sensor 201-206 is capable of detecting a pressure of the liquid 110, wherein in use the first portion of the liquid vessel 100 is configured to be situated at a known reference point of the site 400, the second portion is configured to be embedded within the ground 416, and the pressures are communicated to a surface system 308, the surface system 308 being configured to record the pressures.

The grade-leveling tool is a measurement device. The grade-leveling tool forms a vertical barometer. The grade-leveling tool measures the difference between: a) a desired elevation from the ground at a specific location; and, b) the existing elevation of the ground. The grade-leveling tool is used to create a bed of level ground used for supporting a structure. The grade-leveling tool comprises a base structure, a reservoir structure, and a hose structure. The hose structure and the reservoir structure attach to the base structure. A fluidic connection is formed between the reservoir structure and the hose structure. The base structure elevates the reservoir structure and the hose structure above the ground.

The grade-leveling tool is a measurement device. The grade-leveling tool forms a vertical barometer. The grade-leveling tool measures the difference between: a) a desired elevation from the ground at a specific location; and, b) the existing elevation of the ground. The grade-leveling tool is used to create a bed of level ground used for supporting a structure. The grade-leveling tool comprises a base structure, a reservoir structure, and a hose structure. The hose structure and the reservoir structure attach to the base structure. A fluidic connection is formed between the reservoir structure and the hose structure. The base structure elevates the reservoir structure and the hose structure above the ground.

An inclination sensor for determining an angle of inclination relative to the gravitational vector comprising a fluid container and a first pressure sensor pair having a first and a second pressure sensor arranged in an edge region of the fluid container such that they are connected to each other by the connecting fluid and have a fixed and defined positional relation to each other. The first and the second pressure sensor are each configured to measure a hydrostatic pressure in the connecting fluid. A processor is configured to determine a relative height (h) in the direction of gravity between the first and the second pressure sensor based on the hydrostatic pressures measured, and to determine an angle of inclination with respect to the gravitational vector based on the determined relative height (h) and the known fixed locations of the pressure sensors within the fluid container.

A device for determining the relative heights between two points in direction gravity acts and inclination sensor for single- or multi-axis determination of an inclination relative to the vertical direction defined by the gravitational field. The device can include: a connecting hose filled with a liquid; a first and a second pressure sensor arranged at opposite ends of the hose; a processor to determine a relative height between a first reference point with a fixed positional relationship to the first pressure sensor and a second reference point with a fixed positional relationship to the second pressure sensor; a synchronizer; a respective wireless module at each of the hose. The synchronizer can synchronize a first time point with a second measurement time point, wherein the processor is configured to assign the measured hydrostatic pressures to the same, common measurement time point on the basis of the synchronized measurement time points.

An electrowetting optical device is provided. The electrowetting optical device includes a conductive liquid and a non-conductive liquid. The non-conductive fluid includes a naphthalene based compound having Formula (I), Formula (II), and/or Formula (III): ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or aryloxy groups; X includes carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and combinations thereof; and Z includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and combinations thereof. The conductive liquid may additionally include a transmission recovery agent having Formula (IV) and/or Formula (V): ##STR00002##
where R.sub.4 is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or aryloxy group. The electrowetting optical device additionally includes a dielectric surface in contact with both the conductive and non-conductive liquids where the conductive and non-conductive liquids are non-miscible.

An electrowetting optical device is provided. The electrowetting optical device includes a conductive liquid and a non-conductive liquid. The non-conductive fluid includes a naphthalene based compound having Formula (I), Formula (II), and/or Formula (III): ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or aryloxy groups; X includes carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and combinations thereof; and Z includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, and combinations thereof. The conductive liquid may additionally include a transmission recovery agent having Formula (IV) and/or Formula (V): ##STR00002##
where R.sub.4 is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or aryloxy group. The electrowetting optical device additionally includes a dielectric surface in contact with both the conductive and non-conductive liquids where the conductive and non-conductive liquids are non-miscible.

A system and method of associating elevations with locations on an image map. The image map of a jobsite, e.g., a lot or building. is displayed on an electronic screen on a computer such as a smartphone or smart tablet. A user interface is used to allow a user to locate multiple different markers on different locations of the image map on the electronic screen. A user sets a marker by dragging a cursor to a location. Information is received from an electronic elevation determination device automatically or by manual control. That information represents an elevation of the electronic elevation device at a physical location matching the selected marker on the image map. The elevation information is then automatically associated with and printed beside the selected marker.