The present disclosure provides a method for measuring energy of natural gas in a full cycle, including obtaining a metering value of the natural gas used by a user in a time period based on a metering device, and determining a consumption amount of natural gas based on the metering value and a pricing scheme.

An electric energy supply management method includes having a certifier system define a reference electric power profile for an electric apparatus, and having the certifier system provide a device coupled to the electric apparats and to a socket that delivers electric energy provided by an electric energy supplier. The device is associated only to the electric apparatus through the reference electric power profile. The method also includes having a user of the electric apparatus couple the electric apparatus to the socket through the device, and having the device check that the electric apparatus is coupled to the socket by comparing a measured electric power profile of the electric apparatus to the reference electric power profile. If the check has a positive outcome, the method has the device collect measurements about the electric power used by the electric apparatus and certify them as energy consumptions of the electric apparatus.

The present disclosure provides a method for intelligent metering of natural gas, including obtaining a metering value of the natural gas used by a user in a time period from a metering device via a network, the metering device being located at a gas supply terminal of a transmission pipe network, and determining a consumption amount of natural gas based on the metering value and a pricing scheme. The pricing scheme includes a volume-based pricing scheme and an energy-based pricing scheme. Volume unit prices of the natural gas in different component types are different, and are determined based on an adjustment model.

An electronic utility gas meter using MEMS thermal mass flow sensor to meter gas custody transfer and MEMS gas thermal property sensor to compensate the metering values due to gas composition variations is disclosed in the present invention. The meter is designed to have a MEMS mass flow sensor to meter the city utility gas consumption independent of environmental temperature and pressure while a MEMS gas thermal property or dual gas thermal property sensors to compensate the tariff due to the gas composition variations for compliance with the current regulation requirements of tariff and remove the major concerns for the wide deployment of the thermal mass MEMS utility gas meters.

A water meter system and method may provide inline flow monitoring and leak detection that may track real-time water usage. The water meter system and method may utilize one or more dual pressure sensors and/or ultrasonic sensors to detect leaks quickly and automatically turn off a valve. A spool may be utilized that may provide the dual pressure sensors on opposite sides of a ball valve to separate upstream and downstream pressure zones when the valve is closed.

An electronic utility gas meter using MEMS thermal mass flow sensor to meter gas custody transfer and MEMS gas thermal property sensor to compensate the metering values due to gas composition variations is disclosed in the present invention. The meter is designed to have a MEMS mass flow sensor to meter the city utility gas consumption independent of environmental temperature and pressure while a MEMS gas thermal property or dual gas thermal property sensors to compensate the tariff due to the gas composition variations for compliance with the current regulation requirements of tariff and remove the major concerns for the wide deployment of the thermal mass MEMS utility gas meters.

The present disclosure provides a method for measuring energy of natural gas in a full cycle, including obtaining a metering value of the natural gas used by a user in a time period based on a metering device, and determining a consumption amount of natural gas based on the metering value and a pricing scheme.

An electric energy supply management method includes having a certifier system define a reference electric power profile for an electric apparatus, and having the certifier system provide a device coupled to the electric apparats and to a socket that delivers electric energy provided by an electric energy supplier. The device is associated only to the electric apparatus through the reference electric power profile. The method also includes having a user of the electric apparatus couple the electric apparatus to the socket through the device, and having the device check that the electric apparatus is coupled to the socket by comparing a measured electric power profile of the electric apparatus to the reference electric power profile. If the check has a positive outcome, the method has the device collect measurements about the electric power used by the electric apparatus and certify them as energy consumptions of the electric apparatus.

An apparatus and a method for ascertaining and billing for a volume of air generated by an air-conveying device. The air quantity ascertaining and billing apparatus has an air-conveying device generating an air volume flow through an air passage. A measuring device measures air-related parameters of the particular air volume flow. An analysis unit analyzes the measured parameters, in order to determine the total air volume that was conveyed by the air conveying device through the air passage over a period. A transfer device transfers the value determined for the air volume by the analysis unit to a validation device. The validation device links the air volume flow or the determined air volume to an economic value, in order to obtain a billing value for the generated air volume.

The present disclosure relates a sensor hub that allows users to visually and easily check the air environment and power consumption of a room, and a method for operating the same. The sensor hub may include a housing having ventilation ports on lateral and rear sides. A fine dust sensor may be provided to sense a concentration of fine dust introduced through the ventilation ports. A CO.sub.2 sensor may be provided in the housing that senses a concentration of CO.sub.2. A display plate and a display unit and an illumination plate including a plurality of light emitting units may be provided in the housing. A main board and processor may be disposed in the housing to control the plurality of light emitting units and the display unit based on data on the fine dust concentration and the CO.sub.2 concentration received respectively from the fine dust sensor and the CO.sub.2 sensor.