There is provided an optical encoding system including a processor, and a photodiode array and a code disk opposite to each other. The photodiode array includes a detection photodiode group and a calibration photodiode group. If there is a position deviation between the photodiode array and the code disk, the processor determines whether to utilize detection signals of the calibration photodiode group according to phase shifts between detection signals outputted by the detection photodiode group so as to eliminate the phase shifts.

An optical scanning apparatus includes a mirror, a detection section, and a dummy capacitance section. The detection section generates capacitance between movable and fixed electrodes. The dummy capacitance section generates dummy capacitance between first and second electrodes. The four electrodes are provided on the same active layer and are separated. The active layer is arranged to face a support layer with an insulating layer in between. A first parasitic capacitance generated between the active layer including the fixed electrode and the support layer is equivalent to a second parasitic capacitance generated between the active layer including the first electrode and the support layer. The capacitance of the detection section and the first parasitic capacitance are connected in series, and the dummy capacitance and the second parasitic capacitance are connected in series.

A digital surface position sensor includes a position sensor, an adaptable hardware interface, and a processing circuit. The position sensor is adapted to be coupled to an aircraft flight control surface and is configured to sense a position of the aircraft flight control surface and supply a position signal representative thereof. The adaptable hardware input supplies an identification signal that identifies the aircraft flight control surface to which the position sensor is coupled. The processing circuit is coupled to receive the position signal and the identification signal. The processing circuit is configured, upon receipt of the signals, to process the position signal and the identification signal and generate (i) a first digital position signal representative of the position of, and the identification of, the aircraft flight control surface and (ii) and independent second digital signal representative of the position of, and the identification of, the aircraft flight control surface.

A sensor system includes at least one transmitter; a receiver circuit; and a metamaterial layer having a relative position that is configured to vary relative to the transmitter. The metamaterial layer includes an array of elementary structures arranged within a coordinate system of the metamaterial layer. The array of elementary structures includes a first metamaterial characteristic that changes along a first coordinate variation of the coordinate system and a second metamaterial characteristic, different from the first metamaterial characteristic, that changes along a second coordinate variation of the coordinate system. The at least one transmitter is configured to transmit an electromagnetic transmit wave toward the metamaterial layer. The metamaterial layer is configured to convert the electromagnetic transmit wave into an electromagnetic receive wave based on the relative position. The receiver circuit is configured to receive the electromagnetic receive wave and determine the relative position based on the electromagnetic receive wave.

A magnetic sensor includes a first MR element disposed on an inclined surface and configured to generate a first detection signal, a second MR element disposed on an inclined surface and configured to generate a second detection signal, and a conversion section configured to convert the first detection signal and the second detection signal into a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal, respectively. The conversion section is configured to change an amplitude of at least either one of the first and second detection signals to make a ratio of the amplitude of the second corrected signal to the amplitude of the first corrected signal different from a ratio of the amplitude of the second detection signal to the amplitude of the first detection signal.

An input device includes an operation nob configured to perform a rotation operation and a push operation; one magnet provided so as to perform a rotational movement in response to the rotation operation and to perform a sliding movement in response to the push operation, from an initial state; a magnetic sensor disposed on a substrate and configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the magnet; and circuitry configured to determine operation contents of the rotation operation and the push operation based on a detection result of the magnetic sensor, wherein the magnet is disposed such that a rotation axis serving as a rotation center when performing the rotational movement passes through the magnet, and magnetization directions of an N pole and an S pole of the magnet are inclined with respect to the rotation axis of the rotational movement and a direction of the sliding movement.

A LIDAR system includes an actuator assembly and actuator position tracking circuitry. The actuator position tracking circuity includes a light emitting diode (LED) to emit a first signal toward an actuator, a photodiode to receive a second signal based on a position of the actuator and generate an output signal, and at least one front-end electronics to produce a low-impedance analog electrical signal based on the output signal.

The present disclosure relates to a rotation angle sensing system and method of swivel core that enables recognition of an accurate standard position of a rotor, may include a rotation sensing device installed on a stator of the swivel core and sensing rotation state of a rotor of the swivel core; and an identifier formed on the rotor to generate a sensing signal of the rotation sensing device, wherein the standard position of the rotor can be calibrated or initialized by only one rotation sensing device, thereby decreasing the number of sensors to be installed, reducing installation cost or manufacturing cost and accurately sense a standard position by forming a hill part as an identifier on the inner surface of the rotor.

There is provided an optical encoding system including a photodiode array and a code disk opposite to each other. The photodiode array includes a detection photodiode group and a calibration photodiode group. If there is a position deviation between the photodiode array and the code disk, whether to utilize detection signals of the calibration photodiode group is determined according to phase shifts between detection signals outputted by the detection photodiode group so as to eliminate the phase shifts.

A rotational speed estimation method for an incremental encoder includes generating a plurality of pulse signals according to a plurality of square waves, detecting a time duration when the pulse signals reach a predetermined amount, and generating a rotational speed of a disc according to the predetermined amount, the time duration, and the total number of pulses corresponding to one rotation of the disc of the incremental encoder.