An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

In one aspect, an integrated circuit (IC) includes a magnetic-field sensor. The magnetic field sensor includes a first and second magnetoresistance circuitries configured to receive a magnetic field signal from a target and convert the magnetic field signal received to a first signal and second signal; analog circuitry configured to receive the first and second signals; digital circuitry configured to receive a first and second analog output signals from analog circuitry and to convert the first and second analog output signals to a first and second digital signals representing a first and second channel output signals; and diagnostic circuitry configured to receive, from the digital circuitry, an input signal related to a separation of the first and second channel output signals, and configured to provide a test signal at a pin of the IC indicating whether a distance between the IC and the target complies with at least one rule.

An encoder for detecting rotation information of a first rotation shaft includes a first detector which detects a pattern provided in the first rotation shaft, a first housing case which houses the pattern provided in the first rotation shaft and the first detector, a second housing case which houses at least a part of a shaft portion different from a portion where the pattern is provided, of the first rotation shaft, and an adjusting mechanism which adjusts at least one of an atmospheric pressure and a temperature in the first housing case to be higher than at least one of an atmospheric pressure and a temperature in the second housing case. The inflow of the high-humidity air from a motor into the encoder is prevented or suppressed, so that the condensation in the encoder can be prevented or suppressed.

A position detection device includes a magnetic scale and a magnetic sensor. The magnetic scale includes a plurality of magnets arranged along a first reference direction. The magnetic sensor includes a plurality of detectors that detect a composite magnetic field. The plurality of detectors are each arranged to satisfy AG=N(M−W)/(n−1), where n is the number of magnets of the magnetic scale, M is a distance from a first end to a second end, W is the width of each of the plurality of magnets and is greater than 0 and less than or equal to M/n, AG is a gap between each of the plurality of magnets and each of the plurality of detectors in a second reference direction, and N is a number greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 2.

An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

A system and method for receiving and executing emoji based commands is disclosed. The system and method may include processes such as identifying emojis in a message, determining one or more action based on the emoji, and completing the determined actions.

A processing device of a displacement detection device includes an AD conversion device, a switching circuit, and an arithmetic processing unit. The AD conversion device has first and second AD conversion units. The switching circuit periodically switches between a first connection mode in which a first differential signal is AD-converted by the first AD conversion unit and a second differential signal is AD-converted by the second AD conversion unit, and a second connection mode in which the first differential signal is AD-converted by the second AD conversion unit and the second differential signal is AD-converted by the first AD conversion unit. The arithmetic processing unit outputs displacement information of a scale based on an addition average value of the first differential signals output from the first and second AD conversion units and an addition average value of the second differential signals output from the first and second AD conversion units.

Embodiments relate to an integrated circuit including a magneto-resistive stack of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic layers formed on a common substrate. The integrated circuit includes at least a first magneto-resistive sensor element provided by a first section of the magneto-resistive stack, at least a second magneto-resistive sensor element provided by a separate second section of the magneto-resistive stack, and a shield element provided by a separate third section of the magneto-resistive stack between the first and the second section. The shield element is configured to operate as an electric shield between the at least one first and the at least one second magneto-resistive sensor elements.

An integrated circuit includes at least one first magnetic field sensing element including at least one first magnetoresistance element configured to provide an output signal of the integrated circuit in response to a detected magnetic field. The integrated circuit also includes at least one second magnetic field sensing element including at least one second magnetoresistance element configured to have a characteristic indicative of a stress condition. A method for detecting a stress condition in an integrated circuit is also provided.

Disclosed herein is a flight control cable sensor for detecting actuation of a flight control cable of an aircraft. The flight control cable sensor comprises a draw wire encoder, comprising an extendable-retractable wire. The flight control cable sensor further comprises a first connector, co-movably fixed to the extendable-retractable wire, and a second connector, co-movably fixable to the flight control cable and configured to removably co-movably engage the first connector up to a predetermined pull-off force.