Provided is a pressure sensor including a first optical waveguide inside a lower substrate, a graphene layer above the lower substrate, an upper substrate above the graphene layer, and spacers between the lower substrate and the upper substrate.

A sensor system includes a sensor network comprising at least one optical fiber having one or more optical sensors. At least one of the optical sensors is arranged to sense vibration of an electrical device and to produce a time variation in light output in response to the vibration. A detector generates an electrical time domain signal in response to the time variation in light output. An analyzer acquires a snapshot frequency component signal which comprises one or more time varying signals of frequency components of the time domain signal over a data acquisition time period. The analyzer detects a condition of the electrical device based on the snapshot frequency component signal.

A signal detecting device includes a multiplier that multiplies a measurement signal by a reference signal, a filter that filters a multiplication result from the multiplier, a first storage that stores an internal state of the filter; and a second storage that stores a filtering result from the filter. The filter filters the multiplication result using the internal state stored in the first storage. The first storage switches an area in or from which the filter writes or reads the internal state in accordance with an index signal representing a type of amplitude of a time-divisional signal in the measurement signal. The second storage switches an area in which the filtering result is stored in accordance with the index signal.

A side illuminated multi point multi parameter optical fiber sensor that requires no sensitive coating is provided. This sensor comprises an optical fiber having at least one removed cladding section as the sensitive region, at least one probing light source that side illuminates the fiber, a power supply, a detector, a signal processor and a display. The sensitive optical fiber is optically affected by the presence of a measurand medium that can fluoresce, phosphoresce, absorb and/or scatter the probing light. This probing light is guided by the fiber core towards a detector which measures the light intensity and this light intensity is correlated with a measurand.

A side illuminated multi point multi parameter optical fiber sensor that requires no sensitive coating is provided. This sensor comprises an optical fiber having at least one removed cladding section as the sensitive region, at least one probing light source that side illuminates the fiber, a power supply, a detector, a signal processor and a display. The sensitive optical fiber is optically affected by the presence of a measurand medium that can fluoresce, phosphoresce, absorb and/or scatter the probing light. This probing light is guided by the fiber core towards a detector which measures the light intensity and this light intensity is correlated with a measurand.

The invention relates to a light conductor for sensory purposes, comprising at least one crack, wherein a longitudinal direction of the crack relative to a direction of propagation of the light conductor includes an angle of incidence (), and wherein the crack is delimited by two boundary surfaces, each of which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crack, the two boundary surfaces including an opening angle (), said opening angle () being greater than 0.

A angle detection system, includes a first member pivotally coupled to a second member. An optical cable connecting an optical transmitter provided on the first member and an optical receiver provided on the second member is used by an angle detection engine to determine signal loss of an optical signal provided by the optical transmitter through the optical cable to the optical receiver. The angle detection engine then determines, based on the signal loss, a first angle of the second member relative to the first member. The angle detection engine then performs an instruction based on the first angle.

A sensor comprises: a thin structure, which is configured to receive a force for deforming a shape of the thin structure and which is arranged above a substrate; and a waveguide for guiding an electro-magnetic wave comprising: a first waveguide part; and a second waveguide part; wherein the second waveguide part has a larger width than the first waveguide part; and wherein the first and the second waveguide parts are spaced apart by a gap which is sufficiently small such that the first and second waveguide parts unitely form a single waveguide, wherein one of the first and the second waveguide part is arranged at least partly on the thin structure and another of the first and the second waveguide part is arranged on the substrate.

A current conduction element includes an electrical conductor and an insulation of the electrical conductor. The insulation includes a light waveguiding unit. Furthermore, a system and method for insulation monitoring are described.

A method of detecting tampering with a conveyance medium may include determining a baseline brightness level detected at opposing ends of an optical fiber segment disposed proximate to the conveyance medium, determining whether a change in brightness above a threshold level occurs, and providing an output indicating that a breach in continuity of a shielding material that shields both the conveyance medium and the optical fiber segment from exposure to ambient light has occurred in response to the change in brightness being above the threshold level.