Provided is a calibration apparatus including: an acquisition unit for acquiring a detection position of a mobile body for each actual position of the mobile body; a calculation unit for calculating, for a detection position of each actual position of the mobile body, an error between a slit position signal for detecting a slit position and an ideal slit number corresponding to the actual position; a determination unit for determining whether two or more actual positions having at least partially different slit numbers in units of first slits of a predefined number correspond to a same detection position; and a generation unit for generating, in response to the two or more actual positions corresponding to a same detection position, a correction value for correcting an error by a magnitude between errors at the two or more actual positions with respect to the slit position signal at the detection position.

Provided is a calibration apparatus including: an acquisition unit for acquiring a detection position of a mobile body for each actual position of the mobile body; a calculation unit for calculating, for a detection position of each actual position of the mobile body, an error between a slit position signal for detecting a slit position and an ideal slit number corresponding to the actual position; a determination unit for determining whether two or more actual positions having at least partially different slit numbers in units of first slits of a predefined number correspond to a same detection position; and a generation unit for generating, in response to the two or more actual positions corresponding to a same detection position, a correction value for correcting an error by a magnitude between errors at the two or more actual positions with respect to the slit position signal at the detection position.

A plurality of surface emitting lasers are formed on the single surface emitting laser element. The plurality of surface emitting lasers have respective emission wavelengths selected from wavelengths satisfying condition of:
0<λ.sub.1−λ.sub.s≤5.36×10.sup.−5λ.sub.c.sup.2−×5.83×10.sup.−2λ.sub.c+32.4 where a first emission wavelength is λ.sub.1 [nm], a second emission wavelength shorter than the first emission wavelength is λ.sub.s [nm], and a middle wavelength between the first emission wavelength and the second emission wavelength is λ.sub.c [nm]. At least one of the plurality of surface emitting lasers has an emission wavelength different from an emission wavelength of another surface emitting laser.

A plurality of surface emitting lasers are formed on the single surface emitting laser element. The plurality of surface emitting lasers have respective emission wavelengths selected from wavelengths satisfying condition of:
0<λ.sub.1−λ.sub.s≤5.36×10.sup.−5λ.sub.c.sup.2−×5.83×10.sup.−2λ.sub.c+32.4 where a first emission wavelength is λ.sub.1 [nm], a second emission wavelength shorter than the first emission wavelength is λ.sub.s [nm], and a middle wavelength between the first emission wavelength and the second emission wavelength is λ.sub.c [nm]. At least one of the plurality of surface emitting lasers has an emission wavelength different from an emission wavelength of another surface emitting laser.

An opto-magnetic rotary position encoder includes a polarization optical encoder and a magnetic encoder, both configured for on-axis placement and operation with respect to a rotational axis of a rotating component. A polarization sensor digital control block and a magnetic sensor digital control block are configured and operative to combine polarizer channel position data and magnetic channel position data in a manner providing for one or more of (1) redundancy, (2) calibration, (3) monitoring performance of one channel in relation to the other channel, or (4) compensation or correction of one channel based on the other channel.

A system and method for tracking a location of a moving element on a conveyor system. The system including: magnetic sensors; a magnetic encoder strip that is readable by the magnetic sensors; and a processor for receiving and processing the sensor readings to determine a location of the moving element. The method including: sensing a current location of the moving element, wherein at least one of the magnetic sensors and magnetic encoder are associated with the moving element; and providing a current location to a conveyor system controller. The system may further include: color sensors; and a color gradient encoder strip that is readable by the color sensors, wherein the color gradient encoder strip and color sensors provide moving element location at start up and the magnetic sensors and magnetic encoder strip track moving element location during operation. In this case, the method is adjusted accordingly.

An exterior gauge component is used to indicate a tank liquid level based on a rotational orientation of a tank magnet at a gauge head. The exterior gauge component includes a multi-track rotary encoder wheel and an optical sensor configured for reading an output of the multi-track rotary encoder wheel. The multi-track rotary encoder wheel is configured to rotate with rotation of the tank magnet such that specific ranges of rotational orientation of the tank magnet each corresponds to a specific output of the multi-track rotary encoder wheel. Each track represents a binary bit of the output read by the optical sensor. An adapter plate mounts a housing of the exterior gauge component to the gauge head and has an opening therethrough. A proximal end portion of the housing including magnets extends through the opening, and is detachable from the housing and attachable to a threaded adapter for mounting to a threaded opening of a tank.

An exterior gauge component is used to indicate a tank liquid level based on a rotational orientation of a tank magnet at a gauge head. The exterior gauge component includes a multi-track rotary encoder wheel and an optical sensor configured for reading an output of the multi-track rotary encoder wheel. The multi-track rotary encoder wheel is configured to rotate with rotation of the tank magnet such that specific ranges of rotational orientation of the tank magnet each corresponds to a specific output of the multi-track rotary encoder wheel. Each track represents a binary bit of the output read by the optical sensor. An adapter plate mounts a housing of the exterior gauge component to the gauge head and has an opening therethrough. A proximal end portion of the housing including magnets extends through the opening, and is detachable from the housing and attachable to a threaded adapter for mounting to a threaded opening of a tank.

An exemplary encoder assembly includes a substrate, a first encoder, and a second encoder. The substrate has two or more position sensors, each position sensor being configured for detecting a rotary position of a shaft or other rotating element of a machine. The first encoder includes at least one first position sensor of the two or more position sensors. The at least one first position sensor is disposed on the substrate for off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. The second encoder includes a second position sensor of the two or more position sensors, the second position sensor being disposed on the substrate for on-axis or off-axis alignment with the shaft or other rotating element of the machine. Each position sensor is configured to detect different or common signal types, and a signal type of the second position sensor excludes optical signals.

An encoder system includes a signal processing circuit including: (1) a first position data detection circuit that detects first position data representing positional displacement in rotation of an input shaft through first predetermined signal processing based on a first detection signal input from a first absolute position encoder; (2) a second position data detection circuit that detects second position data representing positional displacement in rotation of an output shaft through second predetermined signal processing based on a second detection signal input from a second absolute position encoder; (3) a position data combination circuit that combines the first and second position data to generate combined position data representing the number of rotations of the input shaft and the positional displacement within one rotation of the input shaft; and (4) a position data comparing and collating circuit that compares and collates the first and second position data.