Systems and methods are described for determining whether liquid remains on a wafer surface following a scanning operation. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a first system configured for positioning adjacent a transfer line coupled with a scanning nozzle to dispense fluid onto a wafer surface and to recover the fluid from the wafer surface, the first system configured to detect a gas/liquid transition of the fluid and determine a volume of liquid sample dispensed; a second system configured for positioning adjacent a second line downstream from the scanning nozzle, the second system configured to detect a gas/liquid transition of fluid flowing through the second line and determine a volume of liquid sample recovered from the wafer surface; and a controller configured to generate an alert if the volume of liquid sample recovered is not within a threshold amount compared to the volume of liquid sample dispensed.

A magnetic-inductive flow meter for determining a flow velocity-dependent measurement variable induced in a flowable medium is provided, said flow meter comprising: a measuring tube for conducting the flowable medium in a flow direction, the measuring tube comprising a carrier body, the measuring tube comprising an inlet region in which the carrier body has a first recess located on an inner side of the carrier body, the first recess extending continuously in the flow direction, the measuring tube comprising a support body for stabilizing a liner, the support body being located between the carrier body and the liner, the support body extending into the first recess and thus being interlockingly connected to the carrier body; a device located on the measuring tube for generating a magnetic field that penetrates the measuring tube; and —two measuring electrodes for tapping a measuring voltage induced in the flowable medium.

A magnetic-inductive flow meter for determining a flow velocity-dependent measurement variable induced in a flowable medium is provided, said flow meter comprising: a measuring tube for conducting the flowable medium in a flow direction, the measuring tube comprising a carrier body, the measuring tube comprising an inlet region in which the carrier body has a first recess located on an inner side of the carrier body, the first recess extending continuously in the flow direction, the measuring tube comprising a support body for stabilizing a liner, the support body being located between the carrier body and the liner, the support body extending into the first recess and thus being interlockingly connected to the carrier body; a device located on the measuring tube for generating a magnetic field that penetrates the measuring tube; and —two measuring electrodes for tapping a measuring voltage induced in the flowable medium.

A flow detector for monitoring an adhesive flow in an adhesive applicator includes a sensor device arranged in the adhesive flow. The sensor device is formed as a capacitive sensor.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring velocity of fluid flow in a channel, including: transmitting, using a transmitter, directed energy carrying a signal toward a surface of a fluid in a fluid channel so as to produce a plurality reflections from locations substantially spanning the entire width of the fluid channel; detecting, using a plurality of measurement beams, received signals from the plurality of reflections so produced; determining, based upon differences between transmitted and received signals, a plurality of localized velocities; and computing, from the plurality of localized velocities, a cross-sectional average velocity of fluid in the channel. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring velocity of fluid flow in a channel, including: transmitting, using a transmitter, directed energy carrying a signal toward a surface of a fluid in a fluid channel so as to produce a plurality reflections from locations substantially spanning the entire width of the fluid channel; detecting, using a plurality of measurement beams, received signals from the plurality of reflections so produced; determining, based upon differences between transmitted and received signals, a plurality of localized velocities; and computing, from the plurality of localized velocities, a cross-sectional average velocity of fluid in the channel. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Devices that includes a first portion, the first portion including at least one fluid channel; a fluid actuator; an analysis sensor disposed within the fluid channel; a conductivity sensor disposed within the fluid channel; and an introducer; a second portion, the second portion comprising: at least one well, the well containing at least one material, wherein one of the first or second portion is moveable with respect to the other, wherein the introducer is configured to obtain at least a portion of the material from the at least one well and deliver it to the fluid channel, and wherein the fluid actuator is configured to move at least a portion of the material in the fluid channel.

A magnetically inductive flow measuring probe comprises a housing that is adapted to be exposed to the medium; two measuring electrodes arranged in a housing end section for forming a galvanic contact with the medium and for sensing a voltage induced in the flowing medium; and a means for producing a magnetic field passing through the housing end section. The means includes a coil arrangement and a field guide body. The field guide body comprises two field guide body legs connected with a coil core, extending to a front section of the housing and adapted to serve as field guideback. Orthogonal projections of the measuring electrodes and the field guide body onto a cross sectional plane are disjoint.

A system for water-flow monitoring comprising at least one micrometer, a gateway and a server, wherein the micrometer comprising: a housing, an inner tubular member, a rotating member, a sensing module, a transmission module, a power unit, a memory, and a processor, and wherein the tubular member is located inside the housing, and have an in and out connecting means and wherein the connecting means is connected to a distributing conduit on one side and associated with a water-flow outlet on the other side, and wherein the rotating member is designed to rotate upon the flow of water through said tubular member, and the sensing module is sensing the amount of water flow through the micrometer to said water-flow outlet, with accordance to the rotation of said rotating member, and wherein the micrometer is designed to have a hibernation mode, said hibernation mode starts according to a predefined condition and is terminated upon the sensing of water flow.

An electromagnetic sensor for use in an apparatus for measuring electromagnetic properties of a fluid and/or a solid, the sensor comprising a substrate in the form of a plate, a plurality of first sensor elements on the substrate, the first sensor elements forming a first array of the first sensor elements on the substrate, a plurality of second sensor elements on the substrate, the second sensor elements forming a second array on the substrate, wherein the first and second arrays are regular arrays and are mutually aligned geometrically, a plurality of electrical connectors on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical terminals on the substrate, the electrical connectors electrically connecting the first and second sensor elements to electrical terminals, wherein the first sensor elements each comprise a first type of sensor selected from an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor and a magnetic sensor and the second sensor elements each comprise a second type of sensor selected from an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor and a magnetic sensor, wherein the first type of sensor and the second type of sensor are different.