A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material. A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material.

A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material. A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material.

A pressure sensor (10) for a fluid circuit, in particular, of a motor vehicle, the sensor comprising: a body (12) comprising a fluid inlet (14), a fluid outlet (16) and an internal chamber (18) for connecting the inlet to the fluid outlet for the fluid flow in said body, an elastically deformable membrane (20) located in said chamber and comprising a first face (20a) intended to be in contact with the fluid flowing in the body, characterised in that it further comprises: a resonant circuit (22) of the RLC type located in said chamber and associated with a readout circuit (23) located outside the chamber (18).

A pressure sensor (10) for a fluid circuit, in particular, of a motor vehicle, the sensor comprising: a body (12) comprising a fluid inlet (14), a fluid outlet (16) and an internal chamber (18) for connecting the inlet to the fluid outlet for the fluid flow in said body, an elastically deformable membrane (20) located in said chamber and comprising a first face (20a) intended to be in contact with the fluid flowing in the body, characterised in that it further comprises: a resonant circuit (22) of the RLC type located in said chamber and associated with a readout circuit (23) located outside the chamber (18).

The present invention provides an electrochemical apparatus for monitoring flow rate including a membrane having a space that is formed in a middle portion of the membrane and has a preset volume to contain an ionic fluid, a first electrode and a second electrode provided on both sides of the membrane, and a control unit configured to apply a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to change a state of the space to a concentration polarization state, wherein the membrane includes a fluid flow passage through which a fluid flows into and out of the space, and the control unit calculates a flow rate based on an ionic current generated by the fluid injected through the fluid flow passage in the concentration polarization state.

A flow transmitter method and system involves obtaining, via a flow sensor, sensor measurements of flow characteristics of a moving medium; outputting, via a processor, a drive signal for driving a pulse output circuit to generate a pulse signal according to the sensor measurements from the sensor; and generating, via a switching circuit of a pulse output circuit, a pulse signal according to the drive signal. The method and system further involve monitoring, via a diagnostic circuit connected to the switching circuit, current corresponding to the pulse signal; and determining, via the processor, whether the output circuit is operating in a normal or abnormal state based on the drive signal from the processor and a feedback signal corresponding to the monitored current from the diagnostic circuit.

A flow transmitter method and system involves obtaining, via a flow sensor, sensor measurements of flow characteristics of a moving medium; outputting, via a processor, a drive signal for driving a pulse output circuit to generate a pulse signal according to the sensor measurements from the sensor; and generating, via a switching circuit of a pulse output circuit, a pulse signal according to the drive signal. The method and system further involve monitoring, via a diagnostic circuit connected to the switching circuit, current corresponding to the pulse signal; and determining, via the processor, whether the output circuit is operating in a normal or abnormal state based on the drive signal from the processor and a feedback signal corresponding to the monitored current from the diagnostic circuit.

An apparatus for determining a characteristic of a material within a region comprises a first plurality of electrodes disposed within or about the region, an energisation source arranged to apply an applied stimulation signal to at least one of said first plurality of electrodes, a stimulation monitor arranged to monitor an electrical parameter at a second plurality of said first plurality of electrodes in response to said applied stimulation signal, the stimulation monitor being configured to generate a received stimulation signal for each of said second plurality of electrodes, a monitor configured to generate a series of data values, each data value being indicative of a phase difference and/or an amplitude relationship between the applied stimulation signal and a received stimulation signal associated with one of the second plurality of electrodes, said series of data values defining an electromagnetic fingerprint, and a controller configured to: receive the electromagnetic fingerprint, identify an interrelationship between at least some of the data values of the electromagnetic fingerprint, and determine the characteristic based on the interrelationship.

A multiphase flow measurement apparatus includes a tubular, a first microwave resonator, a second microwave resonator, and a coplanar waveguide resonator. The tubular includes a wall formed to define an inner bore configured to flow a multiphase fluid. The first microwave resonator has a first helical shape with a first longitudinal length and is configured to generate a first electric field that rotates. The second microwave resonator has a second helical shape with a second longitudinal length different from the first longitudinal length of the first microwave resonator and is configured to generate a second electric field that rotates. The first and second microwave resonators are mutually orthogonal to each other and cooperatively configured to measure a salinity of the multiphase fluid flowing through the inner bore. The coplanar waveguide resonator is configured to generate a third electric field to measure a flow rate of the multiphase fluid.

A multiphase flow measurement apparatus includes a tubular, a first microwave resonator, a second microwave resonator, and a coplanar waveguide resonator. The tubular includes a wall formed to define an inner bore configured to flow a multiphase fluid. The first microwave resonator has a first helical shape with a first longitudinal length and is configured to generate a first electric field that rotates. The second microwave resonator has a second helical shape with a second longitudinal length different from the first longitudinal length of the first microwave resonator and is configured to generate a second electric field that rotates. The first and second microwave resonators are mutually orthogonal to each other and cooperatively configured to measure a salinity of the multiphase fluid flowing through the inner bore. The coplanar waveguide resonator is configured to generate a third electric field to measure a flow rate of the multiphase fluid.