A device which: optically detects the presence of, measures the flow rate of, and identifies the characteristics of venting fugitive gas emissions. Specifically the device provides a spectral analysis of emission gas constituents; selective detection of the presence of venting hydrocarbons; measurement of venting emissions flow rates, the measurement of shut-in and flowing venting system pressures and the venting system temperatures. The flow rates are corrected, relative to the detection of the gas constituents and standard temperature and pressure (STP). These devices are configured to collect such data electronically and transmit via various telemetry systems, to a secure remote data network for reporting, access, evaluation, real-time monitoring and archiving as required.

The present disclosure relates to a device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium including at least one sensor element and a unit at least partially including a material with anisotropic thermal conductivity. According to the present disclosure the unit is frictionally connected to the sensor element, and in particular the unit is frictionally fastened on a surface of the sensor element.

A method is provided for measuring different flow properties of a fluid. The method includes (a) providing a nanowire, the resistance of the nanowire varying based on temperature changes of the nanowire that reflect values of the different flow properties of the fluid when the nanowire is operated in different modes of operation respectively, such that the nanowire measures different flow properties when operated in different modes of operation respectively, and (b) alternating the nanowire between different modes of operation, measuring different flow properties of the fluid during the different modes of operation, respectively, and using the measurements of one of the flow properties to correct the measurements of another flow property. Other applications are also described.

A method is provided for measuring different flow properties of a fluid. The method includes (a) providing a nanowire, the resistance of the nanowire varying based on temperature changes of the nanowire that reflect values of the different flow properties of the fluid when the nanowire is operated in different modes of operation respectively, such that the nanowire measures different flow properties when operated in different modes of operation respectively, and (b) alternating the nanowire between different modes of operation, measuring different flow properties of the fluid during the different modes of operation, respectively, and using the measurements of one of the flow properties to correct the measurements of another flow property. Other applications are also described.

A medical system for minimally-invasive measurement of blood flow in an artery (AT). An interventional device (IVD) with an optical fiber (FB) comprising a plurality of temperature-sensitive optical sensor segments, e.g. Fiber Bragg Gratings, spatially distributed along its longitudinal extension is configured for insertion into an artery (AT). A temperature changer (TC) is arranged in the WD to introduce a local change in temperature (ΔT) of a bolus of blood in the artery, to allow thermal tracking over time with the optical fiber (FB). A measurement unit (MU) with a laser light source (LS) delivers light to the optical fiber (FB) and receives light reflected from the optical fiber (FB) and generates a corresponding time varying output signal. A first algorithm (A1) translates this time varying output signal into a set of temperatures corresponding to temperatures at respective positions along the optical fiber (FB). A second algorithm (A2) calculates a measure of blood flow (BF) at respective positions along the optical fiber (FB) in accordance with a temporal behavior of said set of temperatures. Such system can be used to quickly scan an artery for diagnosing stenotic regions without the need for pullbacks or injection of toxic liquids. A good spatial resolution of the blood flow measurement can be obtained in real-time.

Disclosed is an apparatus for determining a flow of a medium through a pipe, as well as a method for operating the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a heating element at least partially in thermal contact with the medium and which is heatable by means of a heating signal, and a first temperature sensor for registering a temperature of at least one component of the apparatus or the temperature of the medium. The heating element and the first temperature sensor are arranged outside of the pipe. The apparatus includes at least one coupling element, which is at least partially in thermal contact with the heating element, the first temperature sensor and/or a portion of the pipe or tube and serves to assure a thermal coupling between the heating element and the first temperature sensor and between the heating element and the medium.

An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable, for example, temperature, flow or flow velocity, of a medium in a containment includes a temperature sensor for registering temperature securable to an outer surface of the wall of the containment, at least one connection line for electrical contacting of the temperature sensor, and securement means for a releasable securing of the temperature sensor and a temperature sensor-near section of the connection line to the outer surface of the wall of the containment. According to the present disclosure, at least the section of the connection line is securable to the outer surface of the wall of the containment such that the section extends parallel with the wall of the and is in thermal contact with the wall of the containment.

Evaluation arrangement for a thermal gas sensor with at least one heater and at least one detector. The evaluation arrangement is configured to obtain information about an amplitude of a detector signal of a first detector, and information about a first phase difference between a heater signal and the detector signal of the first detector. In addition, the evaluation arrangement is configured to form as an intermediate quantity, dependent on the information about the amplitudes of the detector signal and dependent on the information about the first phase difference, a combination signal, and to determine information about a gas concentration or information about a thermal diffusivity of a fluid on the basis of the combination signal.

A device which: optically detects the presence of, measures the flow rate of, and identifies the characteristics of venting fugitive gas emissions. Specifically the device provides a spectral analysis of emission gas constituents; selective detection of the presence of venting hydrocarbons; measurement of venting emissions flow rates, the measurement of shut-in and flowing venting system pressures and the venting system temperatures. The flow rates are corrected, relative to the detection of the gas constituents and standard temperature and pressure (STP). These devices are configured to collect such data electronically and transmit via various telemetry systems, to a secure remote data network for reporting, access, evaluation, real-time monitoring and archiving as required.

A novel thermopile having high sensitivity and reliability at the time of measuring a flow rate of gas in a thermopile sensor is provided. A thermopile sensor includes a thermopile in which pairings of PolySi and a metal film are connected in series on an insulating film, the metal film is connected so as to overlap on the PolySi in each pair, the metal film crosses a gap between the PolySi and the PolySi in a connection portion between pairings, and a gap between the PolySis in a portion where the metal film crosses is wider than a gap between the PolySis in the remaining portion.