A radiometric measurement device is provided, including at least one at least partially bent source receiving tube configured to receive a radiation source; and at least one transmission tube configured to provide a guiding path within the transmission tube for at least a portion of radiation emitted by the radiation source, the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged with respect to each other such that at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the radiation source is guidable in a straight line through a material disposable between the radiation source and a distal end of the transmission tube and the guide path, and the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged adjacent to each other.

A disclosed system determines the elevation of an emulsion phase in a vessel. The system includes more than one source-detector pairs connected to the vessel and a computing device. Each of the source-detector pairs include a radioactive source and a radiometric detector, and are positioned at an elevation measured from the bottom of the vessel. The computing device is connected to the source-detector pairs, and is configured to identify the height of an emulsion phase using an upper boundary target density and a lower boundary target density. The height of the emulsion phase is identified by obtaining density readings from at least two of the source-detector pairs, calculating an upper boundary emulsion phase elevation and calculating a lower boundary emulsion phase elevation, each calculation using the density readings, and at least one of the upper boundary target density, and the lower boundary target density.

A radiometric measurement device is provided, including at least one at least partially bent source receiving tube configured to receive a radiation source; and at least one transmission tube configured to provide a guiding path within the transmission tube for at least a portion of radiation emitted by the radiation source, the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged with respect to each other such that at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the radiation source is guidable in a straight line through a material disposable between the radiation source and a distal end of the transmission tube and the guide path, and the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged adjacent to each other.

A method detects a level of a melt contained by an oscillating mold. The method includes a) sensing radiation interacted with the melt and generating from the sensed radiation radiation signals, such that the generated radiation signals are varied by the mold oscillation, b) determining a radiation signal variation of the generated radiation signals, c) determining an oscillation deflection variation of the oscillating mold, and d) determining from the determined oscillation deflection variation and the determined radiation signal variation, the level of the melt.

A method for limit level monitoring with a radiometric limit switch. A detector measures discrete radiation intensities. Statistical distributions of radiation intensities in a state, free of medium, and in a state, covered by medium, are given by two Poisson distributions. In an interval successive radiation intensities are measured, a distribution of the radiation intensities, two separated Poisson distributions are identified within the distribution, based on the positions of the Poisson distributions identified within the distribution, an upper threshold value is determined for the radiation intensity, the exceeding of which upper threshold value by a radiation intensity measured following the interval means a state change into the state, free of medium, has been detected, and/or a lower threshold value is determined for the radiation intensity, the subceeding of which lower threshold value by a radiation intensity measured following the interval means a state change into the state, covered by medium, has been detected.

A detector probe, for detecting ionizing radiation and which is suitable for use in a nucleonic instrument usable in locations having a high ambient temperature, includes an array of radiation detectors mounted on a support and a heat pipe for cooling the detector probe. The nucleonic instrument incorporating such a detector probe is also described.

A method detects a level of a melt contained by an oscillating mold. The method includes a) sensing radiation interacted with the melt and generating from the sensed radiation radiation signals, such that the generated radiation signals are varied by the mold oscillation, b) determining a radiation signal variation of the generated radiation signals, c) determining an oscillation deflection variation of the oscillating mold, and d) determining from the determined oscillation deflection variation and the determined radiation signal variation, the level of the melt.

A module system for a radiometric measuring device includes a basic module having a sensor arrangement designed to generate a measurement signal on the basis of radiation which strikes the sensor arrangement, a signal evaluation unit electrically coupled to the sensor arrangement and being designed to determine a measurement variable on the basis of the measurement signal, a control device interface, wherein the basic module is coupleable to at least one control device by the control device interface for interchanging data, the basic module being supplied with electrical energy solely via its control device interface in a basic operating state, and an expansion module interface. The module system further includes an expansion module which is separate from the basic module and has a basic module interface, the basic module interface being able to be coupled to the expansion module interface for interchanging data, interchanging energy, and/or interchanging measurement signals, a number of functional groups, and an energy supply interface coupleable to an energy supply unit separate from the basic module and the expansion module, wherein energy provided via the energy supply interface is used to supply energy to the expansion module.

Provided are a char feeding hopper that makes it possible to accurately measure char, a char recovery system, and a coal gasification combined power generation system. The char feeding hopper comprises: a char feeding hopper body that feeds separated char to a coal gasifier side; at least two casing tubes (121, 122) that are inserted from a side wall of the char feeding hopper body and that are provided so as to be aligned with one another in the vertical axis direction; a radiation source section (101) that is provided within the casing tube (121) and that emits -rays within the char feeding hopper body; and a -ray detector that is provided within the casing tube (122) and that detects emitted -rays. The cross-section of each casing tube (121, 122) has a shape that is provided with a tapered section (200) having an apex angle on the upper edge thereof.

A nuclear level sensing gauge for a vessel 10 comprises a vertical source well 12 and one more level sensing detectors 22 mounted to vertically spaced nozzles, where the sources 30 in the source well 12 are distributed sources which emit a radiation pattern illuminating a length of greater than one inch of the respective level sensing nozzle, so that thermal expansion or contraction of the vessel 10 does not significantly alter radiation illuminating each detector 22. In a second embodiment, a vessel 10 includes plural level sensing nozzles and plurality of level sensing wells 12, each nozzle and level sensing well 12 positioned adjacent to one another such that a source in the well illuminates a detector 22 on the nozzle. Because the respective level sensing wells 12 and level sensing nozzles are closely adjacent to one another, thermal expansion or contraction of the vessel does not significantly alter the illumination of the detector 22.