A light detection device including a substrate, a first light detector, a second light detector, and a switch element is provided. The first light detector is disposed on the substrate and includes a first active layer. The second light detector is disposed between the substrate and the first light detector and includes a second active layer. The switch element is disposed on the substrate. A horizontal projection of the second active layer on the substrate completely falls within a horizontal projection of the first active layer on the substrate. A negative electrode of the first light detector and a negative electrode of the second light detector are electrically connected to the switch element via a first metal layer.

An image sensor capable of recording both spectral and polarization properties of light using a single chip device includes an at least 2048 by 2048 array of superpixels. Each superpixel includes an array of spectral pixels, and an adjacent array of polarization pixels. Each spectral pixel includes a spectral filter and a stack of photodiodes, where each photodiode has a different quantum efficiency and is, therefore, sensitive to a different wavelength of light passed by the spectral filter. Each polarization pixel includes a polarization filter and a stack of photodiodes, similar to the spectral pixel photodiode stacks.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75)layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

An integrated computing element for an optical computing device includes a flexible optical substrate. The integrated computing element also includes at least one optical thin film deposited on a first surface of the flexible optical substrate. The at least one optical thin film is configured to selectively pass fractions of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.

A UV C light source including a UV C bulb adapted to emit and project UV C light at a wavelength and an interchangeable UV C light modifier through which at least a portion of the UV C light emitted from said UV C bulb is projected. The UV C light modifier may be reflective, such as a reflector, perforated, holographic material, or mechanical modifier such as a barn door. The UV C light modifier might produce a narrow pattern, circular pattern, flat pattern, or asymmetrical pattern or other desired geometric pattern, or upper air pattern. The UV C light modifier is easily removed and interchanged or may be selectable such as by receiving a base UV C fixture including the UV C light source of the present invention and selecting a desired light modifier.

A Fabry-Perot interference filter includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing each other; a first layer structure disposed on the first surface; and a second layer structure disposed on the second surface, wherein the first layer structure is provided with a first mirror portion and a second mirror portion facing each other with an air gap therebetween, and a distance between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion is varied, and the second layer structure is formed with a separation region separating at least a part of the second layer structure into one side and another side in a direction along the second surface.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

Systems that enable observing celestial bodies during daylight or in under cloudy conditions.

A sensor window may include a substrate and a set of layers disposed onto the substrate. The set of layers may include a first subset of layers of a first refractive index and a second set of layers of a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. The set of layers may be associated with a threshold transmissivity in a sensing spectral range. The set of layers may be configured to a particular color in a visible spectral range and may be associated with a threshold opacity in the visible spectral range.

Provided are a light detection element, a receiving device, and a light sensor device. The light detection element includes a magnetic element that includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer interposed between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, wherein the first ferromagnetic layer is irradiated with light in a direction intersecting a stacking direction of the magnetic element.