A light detecting device is provided, comprising a substrate having a patterned metal layer formed thereon; a dielectric layer formed on the substrate, first pixel element formed on the dielectric layer, and a second pixel element. The dielectric layer at least has a first trench, and the first trench is positioned below the level of the first pixel element. The second pixel element comprises a buried portion formed correspondingly to the first trench, and an upper portion formed on the buried portion. The upper portion of the second pixel element is positioned at the same level of the first pixel element.

A method and apparatus for determining a presence, color and/or brightness of a plurality of components in a printed circuit board, where the components are biased either with constant current or with a current pulse.

A pulse wave sensor includes: a white LED emitting white light to a human body; a G sensor converting, into a first electrical signal, green light included in light emitted from the white LED and reflected within the human body; an R sensor converting, into a second electrical signal, red light included in the light emitted from the white LED and reflected within the human body; and an arithmetic control unit configured to generate a signal showing a heart rate based on a level difference between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal. Therefore, a distance between the G sensor and the R sensor does not have to be increased, so that an apparatus can be reduced in size.

A technique of determining the presence of a species in a sample may include passing light through an optical filter. In an example, the optical filter may include a spatially variant microreplicated layer optically coupled to a wavelength selective filter. The wavelength selective filter may have a light incidence angle-dependent optical band. The spatially variant microreplicated layer may be configured to transmit light to a first optical region of the wavelength selective filter at a first predetermined incidence angle and to a second optical region of the wavelength selective filter at a second predetermined incidence angle.

First and second filter magazines in each of which plural filters having different transmission wavelengths from each other are arranged in a row are provided, and the first and second filter magazines are arranged next to each other in one direction. A light detection unit in which plural photomultipliers of first and second photomultipliers, each of which detects light that has passed through at least one of the filters included in the first and second filter magazines, are arranged in the arrangement direction of the filters is provided, and the light detection unit is placed in the one direction in such a manner to be parallel to the first and second filter magazines. The apparatus is configured in such a manner that the first and second filter magazines and the light detection unit are movable in the arrangement direction of the filters.

A device may include a filter array disposed on a substrate. The filter array may include a first mirror disposed on the substrate. The filter array may include a plurality of spacers disposed on the first mirror. A first spacer, of the plurality of spacers, may be associated with a first thickness. A second spacer, of the plurality of spacers, may be associated with a second thickness that is different from the first thickness. A first channel corresponding to the first spacer and a second channel corresponding to the second spacer may be associated with a separation width of less than approximately 10 micrometers (μm). The filter array may include a second mirror disposed on the plurality of spacers.

According to an example, a first mirror layer may be formed on a substrate. A first set of spacer layers may be deposited on the first mirror layer to be positioned above a first group of the sensing elements and a second set of spacer layers may be deposited on the first mirror layer to be positioned above a second group of the sensing elements, in which the second set of spacer layers differs from the first set. In addition, a second mirror layer may be formed above the deposited first set of spacer layers and the deposited second set of spacer layers.

A method and apparatus for determining a color and brightness of an LED, when the LED is biased with a current pulse. The apparatus includes a sensor having a plurality of filters and an output probe connected to the sensor, the output probe providing a color output and a brightness output in a single signal. The sensor may further include an input probe connected to the sensor providing power and a ground probe connected to the sensor providing a grounded connection to the sensor. The plurality of filters in the sensor are preferably configured in a matrix array of color receptors having different colors. The method of this invention utilizes pulsing/dynamic sampling to determine a frequency and/or a brightness of the LED output.

A light source detection device may include: a cover including a common hole, a main condensing lens connected to the cover and covering the common hole, a printed circuit board provided inside the cover, a flash arranged on the printed circuit board at a position parallel to a central axis of the common hole and configured to radiate light to an outside through the common hole, and a plurality of light receiving elements comprising light receiving circuitry arranged on the printed circuit board symmetrically about the flash.

A photodetector including: a case including a light receiving surface provided on an upper surface and having a first region that transmits visible light and a second region that transmits less visible light than the first region; a printed circuit board provided to face the light receiving surface; and a plurality of electronic components provided on a light receiving surface side of the printed circuit board and including a first light receiving element configured to detect visible light. The first light receiving element is disposed at a first position of the printed circuit board exposed to the visible light transmitted through the first region. The number of mounted electronic components disposed at the first position is smaller than the number of mounted electronic components disposed at a second position of the printed circuit board other than the first position.