Methods of sensor readout and calibration and circuits for performing the methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include driving an active sensor at a voltage. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration sensor, and the circuits include the calibration sensor. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration current source and circuits include the calibration current source. In some embodiments, a sensor circuit includes a Sigma-Delta ADC. In some embodiments, a column of sensors is readout using first and second readout circuits during a same row time.

A laser irradiation apparatus including a laser light source includes a first detection unit and a second detection unit configured to detect luminance of a substrate irradiated with laser light from the laser light source, and a control unit configured to perform control related to laser light emitted from the laser light source, in which the control unit specifies an energy density of laser light based on luminance detected by the first detection unit, specifies reference luminance based on a specified energy density and luminance detected by the second detection unit, and changes an energy density of laser light according to the reference luminance and luminance detected by the second detection unit.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus for and methods of detecting light utilizing the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). In an embodiment, a method for detecting broadband light is provided. The method includes generating a SSE in a device by illuminating the device with light, the device comprising a bilayer structure disposed over a substrate, the bilayer structure comprising a non-magnetic metal layer and a magnetic insulator layer. The method further includes measuring the SSE based on a field modulation method, determining, based on the measuring, an optically-created thermal gradient of the device, and detecting a wavelength range of the light. Apparatus for detecting broadband light are also described.

A far infrared sensor package includes a package body and a plurality of far infrared sensor array integrated circuits. The plurality of far infrared sensor array integrated circuits are disposed on a same plane and inside the package body. Each of the far infrared sensor array integrated circuits includes a far infrared sensing element array of a same size.

A UV C light source including a UV C bulb adapted to emit and project UV C light at a wavelength and an interchangeable UV C light modifier through which at least a portion of the UV C light emitted from said UV C bulb is projected. The UV C light modifier may be reflective, such as a reflector, perforated, holographic material, or mechanical modifier such as a barn door. The UV C light modifier might produce a narrow pattern, circular pattern, flat pattern, or asymmetrical pattern or other desired geometric pattern, or upper air pattern. The UV C light modifier is easily removed and interchanged or may be selectable such as by receiving a base UV C fixture including the UV C light source of the present invention and selecting a desired light modifier.

A UV C light source including a UV C bulb adapted to emit and project UV C light at a wavelength and an interchangeable UV C light modifier through which at least a portion of the UV C light emitted from said UV C bulb is projected. The UV C light modifier may be reflective, such as a reflector, perforated, holographic material, or mechanical modifier such as a barn door. The UV C light modifier might produce a narrow pattern, circular pattern, flat pattern, or asymmetrical pattern or other desired geometric pattern, or upper air pattern. The UV C light modifier is easily removed and interchanged or may be selectable such as by receiving a base UV C fixture including the UV C light source of the present invention and selecting a desired light modifier.

A computer-implemented method for testing a modulation transfer function or spatial frequency response of an imaging system includes, on a computing device, generating a plurality of accumulation cells running along an accumulation line. A boundary delineation divides a first segment of a digital test image captured by the imaging system from a second segment, and the plurality of accumulation cells collectively comprise a one-dimensional accumulation array. For each of the accumulation cells, a projection ray is generated that extends through the accumulation cell and through the digital test image Each accumulation cell is loaded with an accumulated pixel value based on pixel values sampled from each of a plurality of sampling locations along the projection ray. The modulation transfer function or spatial frequency response of the imaging system is derived from the one-dimensional accumulation array.

In one embodiment, a diagnostic system for biological samples is disclosed. The diagnostic system includes a diagnostic instrument, and a portable electronic device. The diagnostic instrument has a reference color bar and a plurality of chemical test pads to receive a biological sample. The portable electronic device includes a digital camera to capture a digital image of the diagnostic instrument in uncontrolled lightning environments, a sensor to capture illuminance of a surface of the diagnostic instrument, a processor coupled to the digital camera and sensor to receive the digital image and the illuminance, and a storage device coupled to the processor. The storage device stores instructions for execution by the processor to process the digital image and the illuminance, to normalize colors of the plurality of chemical test pads and determine diagnostic test results in response to quantification of color changes in the chemical test pads.

In one embodiment, a diagnostic system for biological samples is disclosed. The diagnostic system includes a diagnostic instrument, and a portable electronic device. The diagnostic instrument has a reference color bar and a plurality of chemical test pads to receive a biological sample. The portable electronic device includes a digital camera to capture a digital image of the diagnostic instrument in uncontrolled lightning environments, a sensor to capture illuminance of a surface of the diagnostic instrument, a processor coupled to the digital camera and sensor to receive the digital image and the illuminance, and a storage device coupled to the processor. The storage device stores instructions for execution by the processor to process the digital image and the illuminance, to normalize colors of the plurality of chemical test pads and determine diagnostic test results in response to quantification of color changes in the chemical test pads.

An optical sensor includes a substrate having a plurality of first light receiving elements in a surface, and a light blocking film having a plurality of first openings. The first light receiving elements are provided such that a direction of travel of incident light defined by each of the first openings is different from a thickness direction of the substrate and form at least one light receiving element set in which an angle of incidence defined between the direction of travel of the incident light and the thickness direction is the same with respect to the light receiving elements. In a view projected in the thickness direction, a positional relationship between the first light receiving elements included in a light receiving element set and the corresponding first openings has rotational symmetry of order 3 or more about an axis along the thickness direction.