An optical detector system provides beam positioning data to an optical tracking system to facilitate optical communications. The optical detector system comprises a plurality of optical photodetectors. For example, a two-by-two array may be used. Incoming light passes through one or more optical elements, such as a lens and a dispersive optical element. A first portion of the beam entering the optical elements is directed into a first spot having a first area on the array. A second portion of the beam entering the optical elements is dispersed to form a second spot having a second area on the array that is larger than the first area. This combination of first portion and second portion of the beam incident on the array provides unambiguous information in the output of the photodetectors that is indicative of a position of the incoming beam with respect to the array.

A system for monitoring ultraviolet (UV) exposure of a wearer. The system comprises a wearable device operable to sense UV radiation levels to which the wearer is exposed, and to transmit UV radiation information. The system further comprises an external computing device in remote communication with the wearable device, operable to receive the UV radiation information from the wearable device and configured to determine the wearer's real-time UV index value and the wearer's daily cumulative percentage of minimal erythema dose based upon the UV radiation information.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75)layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75)layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

An arrangement for determining an amount of light reaching an image sensor of a video camera, the video camera comprising an imaging lens system guiding a beam path towards an image sensor, wherein the arrangement comprises a transparent probing element through which the beam path passes on its way to the image sensor, and a light sensor arranged in an end of the transparent probing element. The light sensor is arranged to collect light being scattered or reflected in the transparent probing element.

An electronic shelf label, which comprises: a display unit, which is designed for displaying image content, and a communication module, which is designed for wireless communication for the purpose of receiving image data, which represent the image content, and for transferring the image data to the display unit,
characterized in that a detector unit is provided, which is designed for detecting an incorrect positioning, which differs from a desired positioning, of the electronic shelf label, and for outputting an action signal when the incorrect positioning is detected, and in that the electronic shelf label is designed to change the image content when the action signal is present.

A photodetector including: an amplification region that includes a PN junction provided in a depth direction in a semiconductor layer and that is to be electrically coupled to a cathode; a separation region that defines a pixel region including the amplification region; a hole accumulation region that is provided along a side surface of the separation region and that is to be electrically coupled to an anode; and a gate electrode provided in a region between the amplification region and the hole accumulation region and stacked over the semiconductor layer with a gate insulating film interposed therebetween.

A light receiving device of the present disclosure includes a light receiving unit that has a plurality of photon counting type light receiving elements arranged, the plurality of photon counting type light receiving elements receiving light from an object, an addition unit configured to add values of the plurality of light receiving elements at a predetermined time to use a resultant as a pixel value, and a logarithmic transformation processing unit configured to transform the pixel value into a logarithmic value or an approximate value thereof to use a resultant as logarithmic representation data, in which reflected pulsed light, from a subject, based on the photon counting type light receiving elements receiving light from the object from a light source unit is received.

A smart-lock system and a method of operating the system is disclosed. The system comprises a smart-lock on a door of a room. The door comprises a first and a second side. The first side of the door lies on the interior side of the room and the second side of the door lies on the exterior side of the room. At least one sensor is disposed on the first side of the door to detect the presence of any user on the interior side of the room and at least one sensor is disposed on the second side of the door to detect the presence of any user at the exterior side of the room. The smart-lock is configured to lock the room when the room is occupied.

Herein disclosed is an optoelectronic measuring device. The optoelectronic measuring device comprises an objective lens, an imaging lens, a camera, and an optical path adjusting module which are disposed at the first light path. The objective lens receives a first testing light, and transforms the first testing light into a second testing light. The imaging lens receives the second testing light, and transforms the second testing light into a third testing light. The camera measures a beam characteristic of the third testing light. The optical path adjusting module, disposed between the imaging lens and the camera, comprises a mirror, the mirror moves relatively to the imaging lens according to a test command, and adjusts the distance between the imaging lens and the camera at the first light path to be a first optical distance or a second optical distance. Wherein the mirror reflects the third testing light vertically.