An arrangement for measuring gas concentrations in a gas absorption method, wherein the arrangement includes a plurality of light sources, a measuring cell, at least one measuring receiver and an evaluation apparatus. The measuring cell has a narrow, longitudinally-extended beam path with an entrance-side opening diameter B and an absorption length L with L>B, wherein the measuring cell has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein a plurality of light sources of different wavelength spectra is grouped into a first light source group wherein an optical homogeniser is interposed between the first light source group and the measuring cell, wherein, in particular, the homogeniser is coupled to the light source group directly or via a common optical assembly.

Surface sensing methods for imaging a scanned surface of a sample via sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy are disclosed herein. The methods include exposing a sampled location of the scanned surface to a visible light beam and exposing the sampled location to a tunable infrared beam such that the tunable infrared beam is at least partially coincident with the visible light beam. The methods also include varying a frequency of the tunable infrared beam an inducing optical resonance within an imaged structure that extends at least partially within the sampled location. The methods further include receiving at least a portion of an emitted light beam from the sampled location and scanning the visible light beam and the runnable infrared beam across the scanned portion of the scanned surface. The methods also include generating an image of the scanned portion of the scanned surface based upon the receiving and the scanning.

A method for detecting at least one property of a plant product, the method including: directing source light including ultraviolet (UV) light at UV wavelengths and polarized visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) light at VIS/NIR wavelengths onto a region of the plant product; blocking the polarized VIS/NIR light of the source light, and blocking polarized specular reflection from the region of the plant product, from being transmitted to a visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer; and transmitting a portion of emitted light caused by fluorescence and/or diffuse reflection from the region of the plant product to the visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer.

A method for illumination of an object to be observed to be observed and the background, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a relationship between wavelength and spectral radiance of the object while the object and the background are illuminated by a first light source that emits light that has a continuous spectrum in the wavelength range from 380 nanometers and 780 nanometers, and determining a value of representative wavelength that corresponds to a maximum value of the spectral radiance of the object plotted against wavelength or values of representative wavelength that correspond to maximum values of the spectral radiance of the object plotted against wavelength; determining a value or values of comparative wavelength; and illuminating the object and the background with light of the value or values of representative wavelength and light of the value or values of comparative wavelength.

An imaging system includes: a first light source that emits first light having a spectrum including discrete first frequency components arranged at first frequency intervals; a second light source that emits second light having a spectrum including discrete second frequency components arranged at second frequency intervals, the second frequency intervals being different from the first frequency intervals; a mixing optical system that mixes the first light and the second light to generate third light including at least one optical beat the intensity of which changes at a beat frequency expressed by the difference between at least one of the discrete first frequency components and at least one of the discrete second frequency components; an imaCCging element having a variable sensitivity in an exposure period; and a control circuit that changes the sensitivity of the imaging element at the beat frequency of the at least one optical beat.

Configurations for light source modules and methods for mitigating coherent noise are disclosed. The light source modules may include multiple light source sets, each of which may include multiple light sources. The light emitted by the light sources may be different wavelengths or the same wavelength depending on whether the light source module is providing redundancy of light sources, increased power, coherent noise mitigation, and/or detector mitigation. In some examples, the light source may emit light to a coupler or a multiplexer, which may then be transmitted to one or more multiplexers. In some examples, the light source modules provide one light output and in other examples, the light source modules provide two light outputs. The light source modules may provide light with approximately zero loss and the wavelengths of light may be close enough to spectroscopically equivalent respect to a sample and far enough apart to provide coherent noise mitigation.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for sampling skin of a person as a part of noninvasive analyte property determination system, comprising the steps of: providing an analyzer, comprising: sources and at least three detectors at least partially embedded in a probe housing, the probe housing comprising a sample side surface, the detectors including: a range of differing radial distances from a first illumination zone; repetitively illuminating an illumination zone of the skin with photons in a range of 1200 to 2500 nm; detecting portions of the first photons with the at least three detectors; and using signals from the at least three detectors and a metric, respectively classifying the skin into a first, second, and third tissue state, the radial distances of the at least three detectors differing from each other by greater than ten percent.

Systems and methods are provided for a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, such as a UV-VIS detector unit included in a high-performance liquid chromatography system. In one example, a system for the UV-VIS detector unit may include a first light source, a signal detector, a flow path positioned intermediate the first light source and the signal detector, a second light source, and a reference detector. The first light source, the signal detector, and the flow path may be aligned along a first axis, and the second light source and the reference detector may be aligned along a second axis, different than the first axis.

Systems and methods are provided for a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, such as a UV-VIS detector unit included in a high-performance liquid chromatography system. In one example, a system for the UV-VIS detector unit may include a first light source, a signal detector, a flow path positioned intermediate the first light source and the signal detector, a second light source, and a reference detector. The first light source, the signal detector, and the flow path may be aligned along a first axis, and the second light source and the reference detector may be aligned along a second axis, different than the first axis.

A spectroscopic analyzer includes: an irradiator that irradiates a target measurement object with lights of a plurality of different wavelengths sequentially as a pre-irradiation, and, after the pre-irradiation, further irradiates the target measurement object with lights of a plurality of different wavelengths sequentially as a measurement-irradiation; a detector that, during the measurement-irradiation, detects reflected light, transmitted light, or a transmitted reflected light from the target measurement object at each of the plurality of different wavelengths of the measurement-irradiation and that outputs absorbance spectral data; a data analyzer that analyzes the absorbance spectral data; and a result display that displays analysis results related to components of the target measurement object.