Embodiments disclosed herein include a method for determining a temperature error of a pyrometer. In an embodiment, the method comprises measuring a first signal with a first sensor of the pyrometer and measuring a second signal with a second sensor of the pyrometer. In an embodiment, the method further comprises determining a reflectivity of a reflector plate from the first signal and the second signal, and determining the temperature error using the reflectivity.

A translucent solar module assembly for integration with a greenhouse having a frame with a plurality of roof supports includes a pair of brackets attachable to each of the plurality of roof supports, a bi-facial solar panel attachable to the pair of brackets, and a pair of reflector rails attachable to each of the plurality of roof supports. A dichroic reflector is attachable to the pair of reflector rails.

A solar module assembly includes a frame having an upper portion encompassing an area and a mid portion disposed below the upper portion. A plurality of solar panels is arranged in a string, sandwiched between two transparent panes forming a single string panel. The solar panels occupy less than the area of the upper portion. Each of the plurality of solar panels has a pair of opposing edges. A reflector is mounted on the mid portion to reflect light selectively.

A translucent solar module assembly for integration with a greenhouse having a frame with a plurality of roof supports includes a pair of brackets attachable to each of the plurality of roof supports, a bi-facial solar panel attachable to the pair of brackets, and a pair of reflector rails attachable to each of the plurality of roof supports. A dichroic reflector is attachable to the pair of reflector rails.

A solar module assembly includes a frame having an upper portion encompassing an area and a mid portion disposed below the upper portion. A plurality of solar panels is arranged in a string, sandwiched between two transparent panes forming a single string panel. The solar panels occupy less than the area of the upper portion. Each of the plurality of solar panels has a pair of opposing edges. A reflector is mounted on the mid portion to reflect light selectively.

A radiation imaging apparatus includes an imaging surface; a light source; and an array of micro mirrors that rotate via radiation absorbed in the micro mirrors and reflect light from the light source to generate a distribution of reflected light on the imaging surface. The array first micro mirrors and second micro mirrors. The first micro mirrors have a first structure and the second micro mirrors have a second structure different than the first structure. The second structure is configured to correct for one or more environmental influences on the radiation imaging apparatus. A photodetector captures an image of the distribution of reflected light on the imaging surface. A processor is coupled to the photodetector. A communication interface is coupled with the processor; and a computing device is located separately from the radiation imaging apparatus and in communication with the communication interface.

An infrared sensor according to the present disclosure includes a transistor, a cavity layer, and a sensor layer. The cavity layer includes a cavity. The sensor layer includes a phononic crystal in which holes are arranged. In plan view, the infrared sensor includes a first region and a second region. The first region includes a transistor. The second region includes the cavity. The cavity layer includes a flat major surface. The major surface is disposed around the cavity, and extends across both the first region and the second region. The sensor layer is disposed on the major surface.

A pyrometer device for temperature determination in laser plastic welding is provided, wherein the pyrometer device comprises: a first fiber connector for a first optical fiber; a second fiber connector for a second optical fiber; and a radiation temperature sensor; wherein the pyrometer device is adapted to forward process laser radiation received via the first fiber connector to the second fiber connector and output via the second fiber connector; wherein the pyrometer device is adapted to forward thermal radiation received via the second fiber connector to the radiation temperature sensor. Further a system for laser plastic welding with a laser beam source, process optics, and a fiber-coupled pyrometer device is provided.

Methods, apparatuses and systems for sensing are disclosed herein. An example sensor may include an omnidirectional reflector, a calibration source located inside the omnidirectional reflector and configured to generate one or more calibration beams, a first filter configured to filter one or more first beams including any of a first portion of the incoming beams collected and concentrated by the omnidirectional reflector, and a first detector configured to detect the filtered one or more first beams.

Methods, apparatuses and systems for sensing are disclosed herein. An example sensor may include an omnidirectional reflector, a calibration source located inside the omnidirectional reflector and configured to generate one or more calibration beams, a first filter configured to filter one or more first beams including any of a first portion of the incoming beams collected and concentrated by the omnidirectional reflector, and a first detector configured to detect the filtered one or more first beams.