The invention provides a method for a non-destructive, non-contacting and image forming examination of a sample by means of the heat flow thermography method where the examination consists of evaluating an existence and/or depth distance values of any heat flow velocity transitions below a surface of the sample, wherein the sample is excited by heat pulses of at least one excitation source, and a thermal flow originating therefrom is captured by at least one infrared sensor in an image sequence of thermal images, and wherein the thermal images obtained from the image sequence are evaluated by means of a signal and image processing and depicting a thermal flow with a resolution in time and in space. The method comprises: exciting the sample at least twice independently from each other by means of the heat pulses from the excitation source where a second excitation and any succeeding excitation is delayed with respect to a preceding excitation by a time delay whereby the start of the captured sequence happens at another defined point of time within the time between two images within an image sequence; detecting the respective total thermal flow processes generated by the at least two excitation processes of the sample by the infrared sensor in the independent image sequences containing the excitation as well as the thermal answer signal from the sample, combining all captured image sequences to a total image sequence in which all images are arranged in a sequence which is correct in time with respect to the point of time of the pulse like excitation, and extracting from the total image sequence, in a manner known per se, an indication of the depth distance of a heat flow velocity transition from a surface of the sample. Therein, the heat flow velocity transitions can be a boarder layer of a layered material or defects in a substrate or below a surface of a work piece.

Systems and methods that integrate thermal sensors into PED's, where those sensors may include single, or small number, of pixel temperature sensors up to full image capable built-in thermal cameras acting as an additional camera for a PED user. These sensors may be associated with dedicated thermal applications for expert users. For less expert consumers, a capability to pass thermal data through the native visible camera application (app), whose use is already familiar to the PED user, will be provided. This integration of thermal image data with the visible image and familiar visible camera app controls is intended to provide any user with useful thermal information regardless of degree of familiarity with thermal information.

In one respect, disclosed is a device or system for solar irradiance measurement comprising at least two irradiance sensors deployed outdoors at substantially different angles, such that, by analysis of readings from said irradiance sensors, direct irradiance, diffuse irradiance, and/or global irradiance are determined. In another respect, the disclosed device or system may additionally determine ground-reflected irradiance.

The present disclosure is directed to a contrast phantom having a first region with a first reflection coefficient, a second region with a second reflection coefficient, and a third region with a third reflection coefficient, wherein the first reflection coefficient, the second reflection coefficient and the third reflection coefficient are increasing or decreasing in value in discrete steps, and wherein at least one of the regions includes an electrically conductive material having a thickness of about 200 m. Methods of testing the contrast resolution of an active millimeter wave imaging system using the contrast phantom are also described.

Embodiments include a thermometer for measuring a temperature of a living being, including inside a cavity or on an external surface of the living being. The thermometer includes a temperature sensing probe coupled to the proximal end of the housing, a power source, light source, and processor. The light source can be configured to illuminate a portion of the housing near the temperature sensing probe. In some embodiments, the light source is configured to emit light in a plurality of colors. At least one of the plurality of colors may be indicative of a pre-measurement state. Some of the plurality of colors can be indicative of a specific temperature range. In some embodiments, the processor is operatively coupled to the power source, the temperature sensing probe, and the light source.

An apparatus that senses temperature from a digital infrared sensor is described. A digital signal representing a temperature without conversion from analog is transmitted from the digital infrared sensor received by a microprocessor and converted to body core temperature by the microprocessor.

A method for adaptively adjusting a threshold used to detect the presence of a living being may include receiving a first set of sensor measurements acquired by a passive infrared (PIR) sensor during a time period when the living being is not expected to be present in a space monitored by the PIR sensor. Here, the sensor measurements may depend on one or more noise sensitivity characteristics of the PIR sensor. The method may include adjusting a threshold that may indicate a presence of the living being based on the first set of sensor measurements. The method may then receive a second set of sensor measurements acquired by the PIR sensor and detect the presence of the living being when at least one of the second set of sensor measurements exceeds the threshold.

An apparatus that senses temperature from a digital infrared sensor is described. A digital signal representing a temperature without conversion from analog is transmitted from the digital infrared sensor received by a microprocessor and converted to body core temperature by the microprocessor.

An apparatus of motion amplification to communicate biological vital signs includes a first frequency filter that applies a frequency filter to at least two images, a regional facial clusterial module that is coupled to the first frequency filter and that applies spatial clustering to output of the first frequency filter, a second frequency filter that is coupled to the regional facial clusterial module and that is applied to output of the regional facial clusterial module, thus generating a temporal variation, a vital-sign generator that is coupled to the second frequency filter that generates at least one vital sign from the temporal variation, and a display device that is coupled to the vital-sign generator that displays the at least one vital sign.

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to apparatus for and methods of measuring and monitoring the temperature of a substrate having a 3D feature thereon. The apparatus include a light source for irradiating a substrate having a 3D feature thereon, a focus lens for gathering and focusing reflected light, and an emissometer for detecting the emissivity of the focused reflected light. The apparatus may also include a beam splitter and an imaging device. The imaging device provides a magnified image of the diffraction pattern of the reflected light. The method includes irradiating a substrate having a 3D feature thereon with light, and focusing reflected light with a focusing lens. The focused light is then directed to a sensor and the emissivity of the substrate is measured. The reflected light may also impinge upon an imaging device to generate a magnified image of the diffraction pattern of the reflected light.