In an example, a thermal imaging test article comprises a block configured to be attached to a blackbody on a back side of the block, the block having a variable thickness to represent facial features of a human face, the block including a cutout to allow a thermal imaging device to see the blackbody behind the block through the cutout, and one or more heaters thermally coupled to the block to produce heat to heat the block. The variable thickness of the block and the heat produced by the one or more heaters are selected to simulate thermally the human face on a front side of the block.

In an example, a thermal imaging test article comprises a block configured to be attached to a blackbody on a back side of the block, the block having a variable thickness to represent facial features of a human face, the block including a cutout to allow a thermal imaging device to see the blackbody behind the block through the cutout, and one or more heaters thermally coupled to the block to produce heat to heat the block. The variable thickness of the block and the heat produced by the one or more heaters are selected to simulate thermally the human face on a front side of the block.

A method comprises capturing outputs of a VLC and an infrared array sensor (IAS). A memory includes a calibration based on a position of a laser pointer relative to the IAS. The method includes the laser pointer outputting a light beam to produce a laser dot on a target. The output of the VLC includes a representation of the laser dot. The output of the IAS includes values indicative of infrared radiation from the target. The method includes determining a temperature based on a portion of the values indicative of infrared radiation from the target. The portion of the values includes values associated with a portion of the target at which the laser dot is produced. The method includes displaying, on the display, the output of the VLC and the temperature. Displaying the output of the VLC includes displaying a visible light image showing the laser dot and at least a portion of the target.

A method comprises capturing outputs of a VLC and an infrared array sensor (IAS). A memory includes a calibration based on a position of a laser pointer relative to the IAS. The method includes the laser pointer outputting a light beam to produce a laser dot on a target. The output of the VLC includes a representation of the laser dot. The output of the IAS includes values indicative of infrared radiation from the target. The method includes determining a temperature based on a portion of the values indicative of infrared radiation from the target. The portion of the values includes values associated with a portion of the target at which the laser dot is produced. The method includes displaying, on the display, the output of the VLC and the temperature. Displaying the output of the VLC includes displaying a visible light image showing the laser dot and at least a portion of the target.

Exemplary methods for detecting presence of water in a sample include: heating a light source to a predetermined temperature at which the light source emits thermal radiation; placing a sample between the light source and a detector; transmitting the thermal radiation from the light source through the sample and onto the detector; and determining a presence or an absence of water within the sample based on the thermal radiation transmitted onto the detector. Exemplary systems for detecting presence of water in a sample are also disclosed.

A method includes capturing and scaling VLC and an IAS outputs to generate a scaled VLC output and a scaled thermal output (STO), aligning the scaled VLC output to the STO to generate an aligned image based on the scaled VLC output and the STO, determining alignment value(s) based on the aligned image, a laser pointer outputting a light beam to produce a laser dot on a target, and capturing a further output of the VLC. The method includes displaying the further output of the VLC (including a representation of the laser dot (RLD)), and an alignment marker, shifting the alignment marker and/or the RLD to a common position; determining coordinate(s) of the output of the IAS based on coordinate(s) of the further output of the VLC where the alignment marker and the RLD are shown at the common position; and storing the coordinate(s) of the output of the IAS.

A method includes capturing and scaling VLC and an IAS outputs to generate a scaled VLC output and a scaled thermal output (STO), aligning the scaled VLC output to the STO to generate an aligned image based on the scaled VLC output and the STO, determining alignment value(s) based on the aligned image, a laser pointer outputting a light beam to produce a laser dot on a target, and capturing a further output of the VLC. The method includes displaying the further output of the VLC (including a representation of the laser dot (RLD)), and an alignment marker, shifting the alignment marker and/or the RLD to a common position; determining coordinate(s) of the output of the IAS based on coordinate(s) of the further output of the VLC where the alignment marker and the RLD are shown at the common position; and storing the coordinate(s) of the output of the IAS.

In an example, a thermal imaging test article comprises a block configured to be attached to a blackbody on a back side of the block, the block having a variable thickness to represent facial features of a human face, the block including a cutout to allow a thermal imaging device to see the blackbody behind the block through the cutout, and one or more heaters thermally coupled to the block to produce heat to heat the block. The variable thickness of the block and the heat produced by the one or more heaters are selected to simulate thermally the human face on a front side of the block.

In an example, a thermal imaging test article comprises a block configured to be attached to a blackbody on a back side of the block, the block having a variable thickness to represent facial features of a human face, the block including a cutout to allow a thermal imaging device to see the blackbody behind the block through the cutout, and one or more heaters thermally coupled to the block to produce heat to heat the block. The variable thickness of the block and the heat produced by the one or more heaters are selected to simulate thermally the human face on a front side of the block.

An apparatus for processing substrates includes a continuum radiation source, a source manifold optically coupled to the continuum radiation source and comprising: a plurality of beam guides, each having a first end that optically couples the beam guide to the continuum radiation source; and a second end. The apparatus also includes a detector manifold to detect radiation originating from the source manifold and transmitted through a processing area, and one or more transmission pyrometers configured to analyze the source radiation and the transmitted radiation to determine an inferred temperature proximate the processing area.