A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A method of monitoring the usage of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method comprises performing an engine monitoring routine using a local monitoring device directly attached to an internal combustion engine. The engine monitoring routine includes generating a plurality of data points representative of the crankcase pressure of the internal combustion engine using a pressure sensor of the local monitoring device, processing the generated data points to determine a first value representative of a firing frequency of the internal combustion engine, generating an aggregated summary of the internal combustion engine usage based on the first value, and transmitting identification data for the local monitoring device and the aggregated summary from the local monitoring device to a remote application. The remote application processes the transmitted aggregated summary based on the transmitted identification data to determine engine speed usage data for the internal combustion engine.

A method of monitoring the usage of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method comprises performing an engine monitoring routine using a local monitoring device directly attached to an internal combustion engine. The engine monitoring routine includes generating a plurality of data points representative of the crankcase pressure of the internal combustion engine using a pressure sensor of the local monitoring device, processing the generated data points to determine a first value representative of a firing frequency of the internal combustion engine, generating an aggregated summary of the internal combustion engine usage based on the first value, and transmitting identification data for the local monitoring device and the aggregated summary from the local monitoring device to a remote application. The remote application processes the transmitted aggregated summary based on the transmitted identification data to determine engine speed usage data for the internal combustion engine.

A method of generating vehicle control data is provided. The method is executed using a processor and a storage device and includes: storing first data that prescribe a relationship between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that indicates an action related to an operation of an electronic device; acquiring a detection value from a sensor that detects the state of the vehicle; operating the electronic device; calculating a reward, on the basis of the acquired detection value; in a case where a predetermined condition is met, updating the first data using, as inputs to update mapping determined in advance, the state of the vehicle, a value of the action variable, and the reward; and in a case where the state of the vehicle does not meet the predetermined condition, obtaining second data by adapting the relationship between the state of the vehicle and the action variable.

The invention concerns a test kit comprising a testing program programmed to control an internal combustion engine for testing the internal combustion engine with the engine kept at a fixed load condition, provided with a test module programmed execute a sequence of individual cylinder tests, wherein the test module comprises first computer code for measuring, in each cylinder test, a first engine performance value and further comprises second computer code for providing an amount of fuel to one cylinder under test to differ from an amount of fuel provided to the rest of the plurality of cylinders; and a further test module programmed to measure, in an idle period between subsequent individual cylinder tests of said sequence of individual cylinder tests, a second engine performance value; and said further test module comprising third computer code to discard at least some of the individual cylinder tests if the second engine performance measured by the further test module value passes a threshold.

The invention concerns a test kit comprising a testing program programmed to control an internal combustion engine for testing the internal combustion engine with the engine kept at a fixed load condition, provided with a test module programmed execute a sequence of individual cylinder tests, wherein the test module comprises first computer code for measuring, in each cylinder test, a first engine performance value and further comprises second computer code for providing an amount of fuel to one cylinder under test to differ from an amount of fuel provided to the rest of the plurality of cylinders; and a further test module programmed to measure, in an idle period between subsequent individual cylinder tests of said sequence of individual cylinder tests, a second engine performance value; and said further test module comprising third computer code to discard at least some of the individual cylinder tests if the second engine performance measured by the further test module value passes a threshold.

According to the invention, a diagnostic system is provided for diagnosing a misfire condition is provided of individual engine cylinders in a turbocharged diesel engine having at least a first and a second cylinder associated with a common exhaust path. The system comprises a pressure sensor in an exhaust path, for measuring a pressure value; a crankshaft position sensor, for detecting a rotational crankshaft position; and a processor unit for reading the pressure sensor and the crankshaft position sensor. The processor unit is arranged for performing acts of: sampling pressure values of the pressure sensor in the common exhaust path as a function of crankshaft angle position; attributing for each cylinder fired in succession at least two sampling values (P.sub.α, P.sub.β) for at least two successive crankshaft angle positions of a pressure pulse during a cylinder firing operation; determining a boundary for a coordinate (P.sub.α, P.sub.β) formed by a tuple of sampling values (P.sub.α, P.sub.β); diagnosing a misfire condition if the coordinate formed by said tuple of sampling values is outside the boundary.

According to the invention, a diagnostic system is provided for diagnosing a misfire condition is provided of individual engine cylinders in a turbocharged diesel engine having at least a first and a second cylinder associated with a common exhaust path. The system comprises a pressure sensor in an exhaust path, for measuring a pressure value; a crankshaft position sensor, for detecting a rotational crankshaft position; and a processor unit for reading the pressure sensor and the crankshaft position sensor. The processor unit is arranged for performing acts of: sampling pressure values of the pressure sensor in the common exhaust path as a function of crankshaft angle position; attributing for each cylinder fired in succession at least two sampling values (P.sub.α, P.sub.β) for at least two successive crankshaft angle positions of a pressure pulse during a cylinder firing operation; determining a boundary for a coordinate (P.sub.α, P.sub.β) formed by a tuple of sampling values (P.sub.α, P.sub.β); diagnosing a misfire condition if the coordinate formed by said tuple of sampling values is outside the boundary.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a method for controlling a power generation system, the method including: detecting a heat distribution across a component of a power generation system from a thermal output of the component, during operation of the power generation system; calculating a projected heat distribution across the component based on a library of modeling data for the power generation system; calculating whether a difference between the heat distribution and the projected heat distribution exceeds a thermal threshold; adjusting the power generation system in response to the difference exceeding the predetermined threshold, wherein the adjusting includes modifying an operating setting of the power generation system.