A negative electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery includes graphite particles satisfying the following Formula (1):

[Springback rate?7.6]+[Compressive load (kN/cm.sup.2)]?4.2(1).

The invention belongs to the technical field of the quantitative statistical distribution analysis of the features from characteristic images of microstructures and precipitated phases in metal materials, and relates to a quantitative statistical distribution characterization method of precipitate particles with the full field of view in a metal material. The method comprises the following steps of electrolytic corrosion of a metallic material specimen, automatic collection of characteristic images of microstructure, automatic stitching and fusion of the full-view-field microstructure images, automatic identification and segmentation of the precipitate particles and quantitative distribution characterization of the precipitate particles with the full field of view in a large-range scale. By establishing a mathematic model, the large-range automatic stitching and fusion of the characteristic images of the full-view-field microstructures in a characteristic region and the automatic segmentation and identification of the precipitate particles are realized; and the quantitative statistical distribution characterization information of the full-view-field morphology, quantity, size, distribution and the like of plentiful precipitated phases in a larger range is quickly obtained. The method has the features of being accurate, high-efficiency and informative in quantitative distribution characterization, as well as has much more statistical representativeness compared with conventional single-view-field quantitative image analysis.

A metallic particle detector system includes a particle detection unit with a detector configured to detect, and provide signals as function of, light reflected from a surface of an active material layer on a charge collector backing layer moving on a roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line. The particle detection unit also includes a controller configured to receive the signals from the detector and determine, in-situ and as a function of the signals from the detector, a foreign metallic particle on the active material layer. The controller is also configured to determine a position of the foreign metallic particle on the charge collector backing layer moving on the roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line.

One form of a metallic particle detection system detects automatically, through analysis of image data from a first sensor, a foreign metallic particle in or on an active material layer of an electrode strip moving between a section and a subsequent section on a roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line that manufactures a plate electrode. The system also determines a position of the foreign metallic particle on the electrode strip moving on the roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line. The system also triggers, in response to detection of the foreign metallic particle and based on the position of the foreign metallic particle and a speed at which the electrode strip is moving, the second sensor, the second sensor generating a reflectance spectrum of the foreign metallic particle. The system also analyzes the reflectance spectrum to identify a type of metal of which the foreign metallic particle is composed.

The pneumatic tire of the present invention characterized by comprising: bead cores, a carcass ply, an inner liner disposed at an inner side than the carcass ply in a direction of a tire diameter, and a tread disposed at an outer side than the carcass ply in a direction of a tire diameter and having a volume of the low density region of 35% or more at elongation by an applied stress of 1.5 MPa, a volume of the void portion of 7.5% or less at elongation by an applied stress of 3.0 MPa and a filler dispersibility index G* shown by the following equation (I) of 3 or less and the crosslinked rubber composition having a volume of the low density region of 35% or more at elongation by an applied stress of 1.5 MPa, a volume of the void portion of 7.5 or less at elongation by an applied stress of 3.0 MPa and a filler dispersibility index G* shown by the following equation (I) of 3 or less are excellent in abrasion resistance.

G*=(G*(4%)G*(256%))/G*(256%)(I)

In the equation (I), G* (n %) indicates a shear modulus when an n % strain is applied.

Provided is a method for detecting respirable participles in a bulk material comprising particles. The method comprises: analyzing morphology of the particles; analyzing chemical composition of the particles; creating a profile of the particles, wherein each particle in the profile is characterized by its shape, size and chemical composition; selecting particles from the profile which match the size and chemical composition of a respirable particle; and calculating a percentage of the respirable particles in the bulk material.

A fine ratio measuring method and apparatus. The fine ratio measuring method includes a step S1 of measuring a distance between a distance measuring device and lumps of material, a step S2 of calculating a feature quantity from distance data obtained in the step S1, and a step S3 of converting the feature quantity calculated in step S2 to a fine ratio. The feature quantity calculated in step S2 represents distance variation calculated from the distance data obtained in the step S1. A higher fine ratio in lumps of material means greater microscopic distance variation caused by microscopic irregularities in the surface of the lumps of material in the height direction within a three-dimensional shape. Therefore, by using the distance variation as the feature quantity, the fine ratio in the lumps of material can be measured in real time with high accuracy.

A single pulse spectral statistical analysis method for particle size distribution of inclusions on a surface of a metal material is provided. The method includes the following steps: analyzing a surface of an oversized metal material through single pulse discharge continuous excitation scanning to obtain mixed intensity data of spectral intensities of solid solution and inclusions of an inclusion element on the surface of the oversized metal material and a relative frequency distribution diagram; performing peak fitting processing on the relative frequency distribution diagram of the mixed spectral intensities to obtain a relative frequency distribution diagram of the spectral intensities of the inclusion; and correlating particle size information of inclusions of a small sample with distribution data of the spectral intensities of the inclusions to determine a corresponding relation between the particle sizes and the spectral intensities of the inclusions, thereby obtaining a particle size distribution result.

A metallic particle detector system includes a particle detection unit with a detector configured to detect, and provide signals as function of, light reflected from a surface of an active material layer on a charge collector backing layer moving on a roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line. The particle detection unit also includes a controller configured to receive the signals from the detector and determine, in-situ and as a function of the signals from the detector, a foreign metallic particle on the active material layer. The controller is also configured to determine a position of the foreign metallic particle on the charge collector backing layer moving on the roll-to-roll coated electrode manufacturing line.

A tool and method for screening cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) sample grids using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) illumination in two configurations. First configuration directly images cryo-EM grids using bright-field optical microscopy employing VUV wavelengths and specialized VUV optics. Second configuration converts transmitted VUV radiation from the cryo-EM grid to visible or near-UV light with a scintillator positioned by the grid. The resultant luminescent high-resolution shadow image is viewed using more conventional microscope optics. In both configurations, individual micron-scale grid holes are imaged to determine ice thickness and quality from the optical absorption of ultrathin vitrified water layers with a precision of a few nanometers. Longer wavelengths can be used to independently view protein concentration and distribution within the ice layer. This tool greatly increases yield of high-quality grids before cryo-EM analysis and is compatible with Single Particle Analysis (SPA) and other cryo-EM methods including cryo-electron Tomography and microcrystal electron diffraction.