A porous sample is alternately saturated with at least two saturating fluids with known different thermal conductivities. As at least one saturating fluid a mixture of at least two fluids is used with known and different thermal conductivities. After each saturation thermal conductivity of the saturated sample is measured, and pore space characteristics and matrix thermal conductivity are determined based on the results of thermal conductivity measurements.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting a void in a concrete composite member covered with a steel plate using a thermal image, and a method for managing the construction of a concrete composite member covered with a steel plate by applying same. According to the present invention, since the presence of the void is determined based on the steel plate surface temperature measured using the thermal image during the construction of the concrete composite member covered with the steel plate, the void generation may be precisely expected.

In some aspects, a device may receive measurement data associated with a measurement subject. The device may determine an adsorption isotherm for the measurement subject based on the measurement data. The device may determine a thermodynamic adsorption capacity of the measurement subject based on the adsorption isotherm. The device may determine a surface area value associated with the measurement subject based on the thermodynamic adsorption capacity. The device may provide an output based on the adsorption capacity or the surface area value associated with the measurement subject.

Provided is a method of calculating a tortuous hydraulic diameter of a porous medium for laminar flow and turbulent flow considering a geometric feature and a friction loss feature. A method of calculating a tortuous hydraulic diameter of a porous medium, according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes providing porosity and a specific surface area of a porous medium, calculating a hydraulic diameter of the porous medium by using the porosity and the specific surface area, calculating tortuosity of the porous medium, and calculating a tortuous hydraulic diameter corresponding to a function of tortuosity, by using the hydraulic diameter and the tortuosity of the porous medium.

Systems for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The systems can include: a sensing assembly comprising sensors for pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; processing circuitry operatively coupled to the sensing assembly and configured to receive data from the sensing assembly and process the data to provide a GW/SW interaction, wherein the data includes pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, transfer resistance data. Methods for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The methods can include: receiving real time data including pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; from at least some of the data received simulating the SW/GW interaction; and fitting the real time data with the simulated data to provide actual SW/GW interaction.

Systems for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The systems can include: a sensing assembly comprising sensors for pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; processing circuitry operatively coupled to the sensing assembly and configured to receive data from the sensing assembly and process the data to provide a GW/SW interaction, wherein the data includes pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, transfer resistance data. Methods for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The methods can include: receiving real time data including pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; from at least some of the data received simulating the SW/GW interaction; and fitting the real time data with the simulated data to provide actual SW/GW interaction.

Systems for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The systems can include: a sensing assembly comprising sensors for pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; processing circuitry operatively coupled to the sensing assembly and configured to receive data from the sensing assembly and process the data to provide a GW/SW interaction, wherein the data includes pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, transfer resistance data. Methods for determining GW/SW interaction are provided. The methods can include: receiving real time data including pressure, fluid conductivity, temperature, and transfer resistance; from at least some of the data received simulating the SW/GW interaction; and fitting the real time data with the simulated data to provide actual SW/GW interaction.

A method for surface characterization of a porous solid or powder sample using flowing gas includes a controller that controls mass flow of a carrier gas and an adsorptive gas to form a mixture having a target concentration of the adsorptive gas over the sample, determining adsorptive gas concentration based on signals from a detector disposed downstream of the sample, automatically repeating the controlling and determining steps for a plurality of different target concentrations, and generating an isotherm for the sample based on the adsorptive gas concentration for the plurality of different target concentrations. The method may include immersing the sample in liquid nitrogen to cool the sample for all, or at least a portion of each of the different target concentrations. The target concentrations may vary from less than 5% to greater than 95%, and may vary in a stepwise manner.

A system and method for testing of skin electroporation using simulations of human skin has been described. The system is using a simulation protocol to provide an in-silico design of skin's upper layer stratum-corneum (SC) at molecular level. This model is then further used to design the skin electroporation strategy. An external electric field was applied across the lipid bilayer to form a pore in the lipid bilayer. The pore size and pore growth rate was calculated depending on the applied external electric field. The generated pore was then stabilized by varying the external electric field. Further, on removing the external electric field, the reformation of lipid bilayer and self-healing of human skin was also achieved. In another embodiment, the system is also configured to perform the virtual testing of a drug permeation through skin in presence of external electric field.

Device and method for measuring two-phase relative permeability curve of unconventional oil reservoir are provided, wherein the device comprises: two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model; injection components connected to inlet end of the two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model; confining pressure components arranged outside the two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model; a camera component arranged on one side of the two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model; back pressure components connected to outlet end of the two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model; and outlet pressure measuring and recovery components connected to outlet end of the two-dimensional porous seepage microscopic model. Two-phase relative permeability curve of unconventional oil reservoir can be measured accurately through the device.