A cutting tool with a cutting region and a connecting support region where the support region is designed to connect to an external motor assembly. The cutting tool is also has a porous region that is integrated within a portion of the tool such that as the tool cuts material the porous region can allow samples of the cut material to permeate into an internal chamber of the tool. Once in the internal chamber material samples can be analyzed in-situ for direct composition analysis.

Improved gas leak detection from moving platforms is provided. Automatic horizontal spatial scale analysis can be performed in order to distinguish a leak from background levels of the measured gas. Source identification can be provided by using isotopic ratios and/or chemical tracers to distinguish gas leaks from other sources of the measured gas. Multi-point measurements combined with spatial analysis of the multi-point measurement results can provide leak source distance estimates. These methods can be practiced individually or in any combination.

The concentration measurement device 100 includes an electric unit 20 having a light source 22 and a photodetector 24, a fluid unit 10 having a measurement cell 1, optical fibers 11 and 12 for connecting the electric unit 20 and the fluid unit 10 and is configured to measure the concentration of the fluid in the measurement cell by detecting the light incident from the light source 22 to the measurement cell and then emitted from the measurement cell by the photodetector 24, where optical connection parts 32 and 34 connected to the optical fibers 11, 12 and the light source 22 or the photodetector 24 are integrally provided in the electric unit 20.

The present invention allows a sample urine to enter an entry hole formed on a shell and to flow through a flow pathway. A part of the sample urine remains in a groove of the flow pathway as collected urine. A measuring module in the shell includes a first side and a second side. The first side includes a light emitting unit and a light sensing unit. The second side includes a lens. The lens is mounted in the groove. The light emitting unit generates a detection beam. The detection beam passes the lens, the collected urine, a reflective mirror, the lens again, and into the light sensing unit. The light sensing unit receives the detection beam and generates a sensing signal. The processing unit generates a detection result signal according to the sensing signal, and a display unit immediately displays a test result of the sample urine.

An optical gas concentration measurement apparatus is disclosed. The optical gas concentration measurement apparatus includes a thermally insulated enclosure that has a gas sample cell situated within. A thermally-insulating, light-guiding element passes through an access port of the thermally insulated enclosure and is configured to direct light from a light source outside of the thermally insulated enclosure to the gas sample cell. A light detector outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is optically coupled to the gas sample cell and an electronic assembly outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is configured to receive information from the light detector.

Systems and methods are described, and one method includes providing an optical fiber extending into a chamber with a volume of the gas; passing an optical beam, from an optical source, through the optical fiber; applying a spectral analysis to the optical beam as received after passing through the optical fiber, and outputting a corresponding spectral analysis signal; and determining, based on the output spectral analysis signal, whether a liquid is carried by the volume of the gas.

A concentration measurement method performed in a concentration measurement device including an electric unit having a light source and a photodetector, a fluid unit having a measurement cell through which a gas flows, and a processing circuit for calculating a concentration of the gas based on an intensity of a light passing through the measurement cell. The concentration measurement method includes a step of determining an absorption coefficient of the measurement gas using a reference absorption coefficient determined in association with the reference gas and a correction factor associated with the measurement gas, and a step of obtaining a concentration of the measurement gas flowing in the measurement cell using the absorption coefficient of the measurement gas. When the absorption peak wavelength of the measurement gas is longer than the peak wavelength of the light source, a reference gas having a longer absorption peak wavelength than the peak wavelength of the light source is used, and when the absorption peak wavelength of the measurement gas is shorter than the peak wavelength of the light source, a reference gas having a shorter absorption peak wavelength than the peak wavelength of the light source is used.

A concentration measuring device 100 comprises: a measurement cell 4 having a flow path, a light source 1, a photodetector 7 for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell, and an arithmetic circuit 8 for calculating light absorbance and concentration of a fluid to be measured on the basis of an output of the photodetector, the measurement cell includes a cell body, a window portion 3 fixed to the cell body so as to contact the flow path, and a reflective member 5 for reflecting light incident on the measurement cell through the window portion, the window portion is fixed to the cell body 40 by a window holding member 30 via a gasket 15, an annular sealing protrusion 15a is provided on a first surface of the gasket for supporting the window portion, and an annular sealing protrusion 42a is also provided on a support surface 42 of the cell body for supporting the second surface opposite to the first surface of the gasket.

A gas analyzer that easily facilitates alignment is provided. The gas analyzer is a gas analyzer for measuring a predetermined component in a measurement gas by irradiating light on the measurement gas from a light emitting element and receiving light that passes through the measurement gas. The gas analyzer includes a base member configured to be adjustable in position along at least one axis that is not parallel to the optical axis of the light emitting element, and a holding member configured to hold the light emitting element and to be held to the base member in an angularly adjustable manner around at least one axis that is not parallel to the optical axis.

A system (100) and a method for detecting fluorescence is disclosed. The system (100) essentially comprises a labelled sample wherein said labelled sample emits an electromagnetic radiation of a defined wavelength when irradiated by a LASER beam of a commensurate wavelength, a source (102) for emitting said LASER beam, oriented as to aim at said labelled sample, a chamber for holding said labelled sample during said LASER irradiation, a reflective layer (108) positioned to reflect said electromagnetic radiation, and a detector (112) positioned to detect and amplify said electromagnetic radiation. The method essentially comprises the steps of providing a labelled sample wherein said labelled sample emits an electromagnetic radiation of a defined wavelength when irradiated by a LASER beam of a commensurate wavelength, providing a source (102) for emitting said LASER beam, oriented as to aim at said labelled sample, providing a chamber for holding said labelled sample during said LASER irradiation, providing a reflective layer (108) positioned to reflect said electromagnetic radiation, providing a detector (112) positioned to detect and amplify said electromagnetic radiation, irradiating said sample with said LASER beam and analyzing said amplified electromagnetic radiation from said detector (112) with a signal processing block (114).