This invention relates a biomarker detection system, for detecting cancer biomarkers using optical heterodyning. The system includes a tunable laser configured to produce a plurality of laser beams of at least two frequencies, a pair of optical fibers coated with gold nanoparticles and functionalized with an antibody is configured to undergo a change of fiber surface of each optical fiber by adsorbing molecules of an analyte on a surface of the antibody, modify a reflection of the plurality of laser beams inside a fiber core of the each optical fiber when the each optical fiber is bent, and create an audible beat frequency; and perform spectral analysis. A frequency spectrum analyzer configured to provide a composition information of the adsorbed molecules based on a spectral analysis of the beat frequency.

The invention provides an in vitro method for the determination of sun protection factor (SPF), in order to gain reproducibility and accuracy and replace the use of tests on living beings. Natural substrates of the human skin, like hyaluronic acid are tested in the form of solutions or in the form of a solid film in a modified spectrophotometer, at concentrations below 1% w/v. Once calibrated, the method is used to corroborate the protection factor offered by commercial sunscreens.

An apparatus and a method for in-situ phase determination are provided. The apparatus includes a measurement chamber configured to retain a substance, and an entrance window mounted on a side of the measurement chamber. An exit window is mounted on an opposite side of the measurement chamber, and the exit window is parallel with the entrance window. The apparatus further includes a light source configured to generate an incident light beam. The incident light beam is directed to the entrance window at a non-zero angle of incidence with respect to a normal of the entrance window. The incident light beam passes through the entrance window, the measurement chamber and the exit window to form an output light beam. A detector is positioned under the exit window and configured to collect the output light beam passing through the exit window and generate measurement data.

The present disclosure provides a sample analyzer and an analyzing method thereof. The sample analyzer includes a first beam source configured to provide a first energy beam to a sample, a second beam source configured to provide a second energy beam, which is different from the first energy beam, to the sample, a reflected beam sensor disposed between the second beam source and the sample to detect a reflected beam of the second energy beam, which is reflected by one side of the sample, and a transmitted beam sensor disposed adjacent to the other side of the sample to detect a transmitted beam of the second energy beam.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods for radiometry in dental applications. The disclosed systems include a radiometer, a dental curing light, a composite material reader module, and a restoration data storage device, where one or more of the radiometer, dental curing light, composite material reader module, and restoration data storage device include one or more communication modules that enable wireless communication between one or more of the radiometer, curing light, composite material reader module, and restoration data storage device. In some preferred embodiments, the radiometer includes at least one communication module and the curing light includes at least one communication module. In such embodiments, the communication modules may be used to transmit information between the radiometer and the curing light, and between one or more of the radiometer and curing light and one or more of the composite material reader module and restoration data storage device.

The present invention relates to the field of biochemical detection, and in particular to a reading apparatus for reading an assay result on a testing element. The reading apparatus comprises a first light-emitting element, a first photodetector and a light blocking element, wherein the first light-emitting element emits light and illuminates one or more corresponding areas of the testing element, the first photodetector receives light from one or more corresponding areas of the testing element, and the light blocking element guides a path of light emitted from a light emitting element and/or from a testing element. The light blocking element separates photodetectors in separate spaces, including a first light blocking element and a second light blocking element, wherein the first light blocking element is located between the first light-emitting element and the first photodetector, to guide the light emitted from the light emitting element to illuminate the testing element. The reading apparatus of the present invention allows light from a specific area of the testing element to be received by the photodetector and blocks invalid light from unrelated areas from entering the photodetector, thereby enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of detection.

An object according to an example embodiment is an object containing a matter having an OH (OD) group, in which the object exists in a structure in which light having a wavelength that resonates with stretching vibration of the OH (OD) group resonates. This object is achieved by using, for example, a device including a structure in which light having a wavelength that resonates with stretching vibration of the OH (OD) group resonates and an inlet for introducing an object into the structure is used. The object is used as a solvent, for example. Specifically, the object is used in a processing method which includes placing a solvent containing a solute inside a structure in which light having a wavelength that resonates with stretching vibration of a group included in the solvent resonates and reacting the solute.

In order to project an image excluding zero-order light without adding extra modulation elements or pixels, without applying distortions, and without reducing luminance, a projection device includes: a phase modulator that modulates the phase of incident laser light; a Fourier transform lens that performs Fourier transformation on laser light, whose phase is modulated by the phase modulator; a mirror disposed on an image formation surface by the Fourier transform lens, and configured to reflect the laser light subjected to Fourier transformation by the Fourier transform lens; and a projection lens that enlarges the light reflected by the mirror and projects the light as projected light. The mirror guides zero-order light included in the Fourier-transformed laser light in a direction different from a direction of the projection lens, and reflects the light excluding zero-order light toward the projection lens.

The present disclosure describes a device used to determine the optimal post-curing exposure time for 3D printed products and methods of using the same. The disclosed device is a self-contained multi-chamber radiometer for continuous monitoring of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through 3D printed objects during a post-curing process. The device includes multiple detector ports, including a control port and one or more sample ports. The detector ports may preferably be photocells configured to generate a voltage proportional to the intensity of the incident electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelength(s). The transmittance is directly correlated with the voltage and may be measured using the determined voltages. The disclosed device may further comprise a microprocessor, a memory module for storage of data obtained by the sensors, and one or more communication modules configured to enable wireless communication with a data storage device such as a computer.

A system is provided for detecting non-metallic, non-aqueous substances in an aqueous sample, comprising a transmitter section, which emits electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range towards the sample, a receiver section, which detects radiation components of said electromagnetic radiation which are modified by the sample and/or the substances therein and an evaluation section, which evaluates radiation components which are detected by the receiver section in order to establish whether non-metallic, non-aqueous substances are present or not in the aqueous sample, a transition of the aqueous sample from the liquid aggregate state into the solid aggregate state or vice versa taking place, radiation components which are modified respectively, for a plurality of different states of the aqueous sample, during this transition being detected by means of the receiver section, and the radiation components thus detected being evaluated by means of the evaluation section.