A gas sensor comprising: a substrate; a grating array disposed on top of the substrate and comprising grates; and voids defined by the grates and configured to confine gas molecules for absorption of light and analysis. A method of gas sensing comprising: generating first light; converting the first light into second light using grates of a grating array; resonating the second light within the grating array; confining gas molecules in voids defined by the grates; and causing the gas molecules to absorb the second light within the voids.

A scanning luminescence light microscope for spatial high resolution imaging a structure marked with a luminescent marker comprises a light source for luminescence inhibition light and for further light; a light shaping and aligning device; and a detector registering luminescence light emitted by the luminescent marker. The device, by means of two optical gratings and an objective lens, forms two crossing line gratings of the luminescence inhibition light, and two crossing line gratings of the further light so that local intensity minima of an overall intensity distribution of the luminescence inhibition light are delimited in at least two directions, and that local intensity maxima or local intensity minima of an overall intensity distribution of the further light coincide with the local intensity minima of the luminescence inhibition light. Further, the device moves the overall intensity distributions of the further light and the luminescence inhibition light to scan the structure.

A gas sensor comprising: a substrate; a grating array disposed on top of the substrate and comprising grates; and voids defined by the grates and configured to confine gas molecules for absorption of light and analysis. A method of gas sensing comprising: generating first light; converting the first light into second light using grates of a grating array; resonating the second light within the grating array; confining gas molecules in voids defined by the grates; and causing the gas molecules to absorb the second light within the voids.