The discrimination ability of a chemical sensing cross-reactive arrays is enhanced by constructing sensing elements in two dimensions, first in the x-y plane of the substrate, second in the z dimension so that the sensors are vertically stacked on top of one another. Stacking sensing elements on top of one another adds to the discrimination ability by enabling the characteristic measurement of how fast target chemicals are passing through the stack of sensors. The new invention also allows the ability to discriminate components in a sample mixture by separating them using their innate difference in diffusional rates. Multi-sensor response patterns at each z level of sensors and time delay information from the sample passing from one level to the next are used to generate the response vector. The response vector is used to identify individual component samples and components in a mixture sample.

Methods of measuring attributes of animal urine, using a test pad comprising multiple test patches and urine detection patches in a BAYER pattern is described. The pad comprises different test patches, each surrounded by urine detection patches. When a camera, electronics and software automatically detect fresh urine from a color change of a detection patch, nearby test patches are read with a color camera, after a specific time delay, and compared to color reference spots. Multiple layers and isolation zones in the test pad allow urine to enter the test and detection patches, while keeping urine puddles from spreading. Once used, detection and test patches are not used again. An array of many detection and test patches allows the test pad to be used for multiple urine samples in one vivarium cage before replacing. Embodiments use a mix of IR and white light, and IR cameras and color cameras.

An analysis device includes an analysis substrate, an optical pickup, a signal processing circuit, and a control unit. The analysis substrate includes a reaction region. The reaction region includes a region fixed with an antibody bound with a detection target substance, and a region other than the region in the reaction region. The optical pickup irradiates the analysis substrate with a laser beam and receives reflected light to generate a light reception level signal. The signal processing circuit has a computation unit that calculates a count value in the region and a count value in the region. The control unit has a computation unit which calculates a relative count value in the reaction region based on the count values.

The two-dimensional material (such as graphene, hBN) based Paper Microfluidic Device will detect various analytes, which can be related to disease conditions, to minimize guesswork for a common individual to recognize a certain analyte, and faster confirmation of analytes for professionals. It will enable to predict an increase of analyte concentrations through machine learning, be applicable in both medical and non-medical fields, have a refill enclosure, and a GPS activated app to contact nearby critical infrastructure in cases of medical applications. This will have the ability to detect analytes far faster than any traditional analyte detection systems in both medical and non-medical fields.

Disclosed are devices, arrangements and methods for quantifying the concentration of an analyte present in bodily fluid, including: an assay pad having at least one chemical reagent capable of producing a detectable signal in the form of a reaction spot upon reaction with the analyte; a light source; a detector array; a processor; and a memory in communication with the processor, the memory comprising: (a) at least one value indicative of one or more of: (i) the level of hematocrit contained in the sample; (ii) the volume of the sample applied to the assay pad; or (iii) imperfections present in the reaction spot; and (b) at least one algorithm for calculating the concentration of the analyte contained in the sample.

A testing device for identifying an antigen or antibody within a biofluid sample including: a substrate having a hydrophilic surface thereon; the surface including a collection zone, and at least one detection zone extending therefrom; wherein the biofluid sample can be mixed with a specific antigen or antibody, and deposited on the collection zone and transferred by capillary action to the detection zone; the antigen or antibody in the biofluid sample reacting with an appropriate said antibody or antigen thereby resulting in a visual indication within the detection zone.

There is set forth herein, in one example, an apparatus. The apparatus can comprise, for example: a first reaction site and a second reaction site over a single pixel. There is set forth herein, in one example, a method. The method can include, for example: detecting a signal emitted from a first reaction site and a second reaction site; determining the identity of a first analyte of interest in a first reaction site using an amplitude of the detected signal; and determining the identity of a second analyte of interest in a second reaction site using the amplitude of the detected signal.

The problem of detecting whether a urine sample is true human urine or a counterfeit urine product is solved by the use of reagent systems that detect two markers normally present in human urine. The markers acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase catalyze the substrates thymolphthalein monophosphate and p-nitrophenol phosphate, respectively. These substrates are formulated as spot tests on a dip stick or as reagents for use in automated chemical analyzers. The presence of the markers can be qualitatively detected by color-changes in the sample, formed by the pH-specific chromogens that result from catalysis of the substrates with the markers. The control reagent can further indicate whether a counterfeit urine product contains one or both of the chromogens.

The present disclosure relates to using color calibration to improve and increase the accuracy of interpreting color-sensitive results from test strips made of substrates like paper. This is accomplished via a diagnostic test unit including a substrate, at least one region on the substrate, a reagent placed within the region to react, and a series of color legends on the substrate. Different reagent samples may be placed on the separate regions of a substrate for testing. An imaging device is used to capture the reaction results. More precise readings can be obtained by comparing the reaction results to the color legends to determine the measured property of the analyte.

A colorimetric analyzer includes a reaction chamber configured to receive a sample and at least one reagent. A measurement cell is operably coupled to the reaction chamber. The measurement cell has an illumination source and an illumination detector spaced from the illumination source such that illumination from the illumination source passes through the reacted sample to the illumination detector. A controller is coupled to the illumination source and the illumination detector. The controller is configured to generate an analytic output based on a signal from the illumination detector. A fill conduit is operably interposed between the reaction chamber and the measurement cell. The fill conduit is configured to reduce bubbles.