A gas sensing element that reflects light incoming along an optical path on a sensing face, where the light reflected by the gas sensing element changes depending on a quantity of a specific gas that is in contact with the gas sensing element, and where each of a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber bends the optical path. The gas sensing element, a light source, a photodetector, and a magnetic field applicator are disposed on a same side with respect to a virtual plane that is perpendicular to an incident plane of the incoming light to the sensing face of the gas sensing element and includes a point on the optical path where light goes out from the first optical fiber and a point on the optical path where light enters the second optical fiber.

Method and compositions using transition metal salts and/or ammonium chloride to liberate toxins and other molecules from cyanobacteria, useful for assaying for total cyanobacterial toxins in lakes, reservoirs and other waters.

A gas sensing element reflects light incoming along an optical path on a sensing face. The light reflected by the gas sensing element changes in a characteristic depending on quantity of a specific gas that is in contact with the gas sensing element. Each of a first optical element and a second optical element bends the optical path. The gas sensing element, a light source, a photodetector, and a magnetic field applicator are disposed on the same side with respect to a virtual plane that is perpendicular to an incident plane of the incoming light to the sensing face of the gas sensing element and includes a point on the optical path where light goes out from the first optical element and a point on the optical path where light enters the second optical element.

A gas sensing element that reflects light incoming along an optical path on a sensing face, where the light reflected by the gas sensing element changes depending on a quantity of a specific gas that is in contact with the gas sensing element, and where each of a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber bends the optical path. The gas sensing element, a light source, a photodetector, and a magnetic field applicator are disposed on a same side with respect to a virtual plane that is perpendicular to an incident plane of the incoming light to the sensing face of the gas sensing element and includes a point on the optical path where light goes out from the first optical fiber and a point on the optical path where light enters the second optical fiber.

The problem of detecting whether a urine sample is true human urine or a counterfeit urine product is solved by the use of reagent systems that detect two markers normally present in human urine. The markers acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase catalyze the substrates thymolphthalein monophosphate and p-nitrophenol phosphate, respectively. These substrates are formulated as spot tests on a dip stick or as reagents for use in automated chemical analyzers. The presence of the markers can be qualitatively detected by color-changes in the sample, formed by the pH-specific chromogens that result from catalysis of the substrates with the markers. The control reagent can further indicate whether a counterfeit urine product contains one or both of the chromogens.

Methods and apparatus for determining levels of gaseous elements and optionally utilizing the determined levels to calibrate one or more sensors of an air purifier. For example, in some implementations a first image is captured of a colorimetric sensor device at the start of a sensing period and a second image is captured of the colorimetric sensor device at the end of the sensing period. The colorimetric sensor device includes at least one colorimetric sensor configured to change colors in response to reaction with a gaseous pollutant. Values may be determined based on the colors of the colorimetric sensor in the first and second images and the values may be utilized to determine a pollution value indicative of the amount of the gaseous pollutant to which the colorimetric sensor was exposed during the sensing period.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic analysis device capable of efficiently performing a plurality of analyses, while reducing the footprint and cost of the device. Provided is an automatic analysis device characterized by being provided with containers for containing samples, one rack for placing the containers thereon, and a control unit, the control unit generating, with respect to the one rack, a plurality of registration patterns in which information of the positions where the containers are disposed, and information of the samples contained in the containers are correlated with each other, storing the registration patterns thus generated, applying, to the one rack, one registration pattern selected from among the registration patterns thus stored, and analyzing the samples. Also provided is an analysis method using the device.

Method and compositions using transition metal salts and/or ammonium chloride to liberate toxins and other molecules from cyanobacteria, useful for assaying for total cyanobacterial toxins in lakes, reservoirs and other waters.

Multi-stage sample-recovery systems, including automated 2-stage and 3-stage sample-recovery systems, are provided. Such systems enable the rapid screening and recovery of samples, including viable cell-based samples, from high-throughput screening systems, including systems utilizing large-scale arrays of microcapillaries. In specific screening systems, each microcapillary comprises a solution containing a variant protein, an immobilized target molecule, and a reporter element. Immobilized target molecules may include any molecule of interest, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. The association of a variant protein with a molecular target is assessed by measuring a signal from the reporter element. The contents of microcapillaries identified in the assays as containing variant proteins of interest can be identified and recovered using the multi-stage systems disclosed herein.

This disclosure provides methods of treating a human subject by stimulating chemosensory receptors, such as T2Rs, to increase level of phenotypic expression. Methods may include detecting phenotypic expression deficit by introducing a first agonist capable of first stimulating the chemosensory receptors by first binding thereto; detecting first stimulating; identifying a first deficit in relation to a first reference level, the first deficit being an instance of phenotypic expression deficit. Second stimulating with a second agonist may reduce the phenotypic expression deficit. Third stimulating with a therapeutic agonist may clear a respiratory illness condition by producing innate immune response.