The present disclosure relates generally to systems for separating chemical compounds via two-dimensional gas chromatography. Certain embodiments of the system are configured to rapidly heat and cool the second dimension column by a unique arrangement of heating and cooling elements.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems for separating chemical compounds via two-dimensional gas chromatography. Certain embodiments of the system are configured to rapidly heat and cool the second dimension column by a unique arrangement of heating and cooling elements.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for separating chemical compounds via two-dimensional gas chromatography. Certain embodiments comprise rapid heating and cooling of the second dimension column by a unique arrangement of heating and cooling elements.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for separating chemical compounds via two-dimensional gas chromatography. Certain embodiments comprise rapid heating and cooling of the second dimension column by a unique arrangement of heating and cooling elements.

An automated method of monitoring a state of an analyzer is provided including a mass spectrometer (MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source coupled to a liquid chromatography (LC) stream, including monitoring an electrospray ionization current of the ESI source and identifying a condition of multiple conditions of the analyzer based on the monitored ionization current of the ESI source, one of the conditions being a presence of a dead volume in a liquid chromatography stream of the analyzer downstream of an LC column of the LC stream.

A variety of inorganic-organic hybrid materials and various methods for preparing and using the same are described. The hybrid materials are graphene or graphitic materials populated with organic molecules and may have a variety of surface defects, pits or three-dimensional architecture, thereby increasing the surface area of the material. The hybrid materials may take the form of three dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D GNS). If the organic molecules are enantiospecific molecules, the hybrid materials can be used for chiral separation of racemic mixtures.

A thermal modulator for a chromatographic system includes a cooler, a thermal valve, a thermal buffer, a heater, and a capillary. The thermal valve thermally-engages the cooler. The thermal buffer thermally-engages the thermal valve. The heater thermally-engages the thermal buffer. The capillary thermally-engages the heater and is configured to transport an analyte in a first direction.

An automated method of monitoring a state of an analyzer is provided including a mass spectrometer (MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source coupled to a liquid chromatography (LC) stream, including monitoring an electrospray ionization current of the ESI source and identifying a condition of multiple conditions of the analyzer based on the monitored ionization current of the ESI source, one of the conditions being a presence of a dead volume in a liquid chromatography stream of the analyzer downstream of an LC column of the LC stream.

An in-line electrolytic reagent concentrator device that circumvents the need for additional pumps and supplies of reagents to support operation of a carbonate or ammonia removal device. The device generates regenerant solutions as strong as, or even stronger, than commercially recommended regenerant solutions. The device may also regenerate eluent solutions so as to reduce the frequency of eluent maintenance and replacement in ion chromatography systems.

A variety of inorganic-organic hybrid materials and various methods for preparing and using the same are described. The hybrid materials are graphene or graphitic materials populated with organic molecules and may have a variety of surface defects, pits or three-dimensional architecture, thereby increasing the surface area of the material. The hybrid materials may take the form of three dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D GNS). If the organic molecules are enantiospecific molecules, the hybrid materials can be used for chiral separation of racemic mixtures.