Refractory anchoring devices include a main body and a mounting feature for mounting to a thermal vessel. The main body has the shape of two end-to-end Y's forming a central segment, branch segments extending from ends of the central segment, and extension segments extending from the branch segments, to collectively form four unenclosed cell openings that are semi-hexagonally shaped. Some embodiments include reinforcement segments extending into respective cell openings, voids extending through respective adjacent branch and extension segments, an underbody gap under the central segment, a single stud-welding stud for the mounting feature, and/or a collar-and-stud connection between the anchor main body and a stud-welding stud of the mounting feature. Refractory anchoring systems and methods include an array of the refractory anchoring devices arranged and mounted so that the unenclosed semi-hexagonal cell openings of adjacent anchoring devices cooperatively form substantially hexagonal cells.

An optical sensor system, comprising refractory plasmonic elements that can withstand temperatures exceeding 2500° C. in chemically aggressive and harsh environments that impose stress, strain and vibrations. A plasmonic metamaterial or metasurface, engineered to have a specific spectral and angular response, exhibits optical reflection characteristics that are altered by varying physical environmental conditions including but not limited to temperature, surface chemistry or elastic stress, strain and other types of mechanical load. The metamaterial or metasurface comprises a set of ultra-thin structured layers with a total thickness of less than tens of microns that can be deployed onto surfaces of devices operating in harsh environmental conditions. The top interface of the metamaterial or metasurface is illuminated with a light source, either through free space or via an optical fiber, and the reflected signal is detected employing remote detectors.

A sensor device is provided to sample data from a fluid in a sealed environment. The sensor comprises a housing and a diamond within the housing. The housing is formed such that the device is reversibly insertable into the sealed environment so that the diamond directly interfaces with the sealed environment.

A sensor device is provided to sample data from a fluid in a sealed environment. The sensor comprises a housing and a diamond within the housing. The housing is formed such that the device is reversibly insertable into the sealed environment so that the diamond directly interfaces with the sealed environment.

A test cell for operando testing comprises: a housing assembly defining at least a portion of an inner chamber; a window coupled to said housing assembly and defining another portion of the inner chamber; and at least one port for accommodating an electrode and/or conductive wire in communication with the inner chamber. The inner chamber is configured for receiving one or more samples undergoing a chemical and/or electrochemical reaction therein. The port is sealable to hermetically seal the inner chamber.

A test cell for operando testing comprises: a housing assembly defining at least a portion of an inner chamber; a window coupled to said housing assembly and defining another portion of the inner chamber; and at least one port for accommodating an electrode and/or conductive wire in communication with the inner chamber. The inner chamber is configured for receiving one or more samples undergoing a chemical and/or electrochemical reaction therein. The port is sealable to hermetically seal the inner chamber.

A portable optical spectroscopy device is disclosed for analyzing gas samples and/or for measurement of species concentration, number density, or column density. The device includes a measuring chamber with the gas sample to be analyzed, a light source with at least one laser diode for emitting a laser beam along a light path running through the measuring chamber at least in certain regions, means for modulating the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the light source, and an optical detector device having a first optical detector and at least one second optical detector. At least a part of the light emitted by the laser diode is detected after the light has passed through the measuring chamber m-times, and at least a part of the light emitted by the laser diode is detected with the at least one second optical detector after the light has passed through the measuring chamber n-times, where n>m applies.

A sealing arrangement and method of a measuring device are disclosed, the measuring device having one or more measuring elements that have a surface in contact with a fluid being measured, a fluid chamber for the fluid being measured, and a seal to seal the joint between the fluid chamber and the measuring element. Flow channels have been formed in the measuring device to lead the rinsing fluid in contact with the seal.

An in-situ gas-measuring system (1) includes an IR photon source (10) and an IR photon detector (11). The in-situ gas-measuring system (1) has an expansion chamber (12), at which an optical element (16, 16′, 16″) is arranged. A connection element (13) provides a detachable fluid-communicating connection of the expansion chamber (12) to a gas reaction chamber (2). The IR-photon source (10), the optical element (16, 16′, 16″) and the IR photon detector (11) define an optical measuring path, which extends through the expansion chamber (12). The installation and maintenance of the in-situ gas-measuring system (1) are reduced by the features of the in-situ gas-measuring system (1).

Various techniques are provided to implement, operate, and manufacture a chemical detection device. In one embodiment, a device includes a flow path comprising an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path. The device also includes an excitation source configured generate a response from the analyte reporter. The device also includes a detector configured to receive the response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. The device also includes a support structure configured to position the flow path relative to the excitation source and the detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material. Additional devices, systems, and methods are also provided.