Described herein is a method for detecting the presence of circulating extracellular vesicles in a subject. The method comprises contacting a biological sample from the subject with an antibody mimetic that specifically binds to a cell surface marker on the vesicles, wherein the antibody mimetic is coupled to a detectable label; and detecting presence of extracellular vesicles in the sample by detecting the presence of the detectable label coupled to the antibody mimetic bound to the vesicles.

A sample analysis substrate mountable and detachable to a sample analysis device and includes: a plate-shaped base substrate; and a chamber, the chamber being a space in which to cause a binding reaction, The sample analysis device includes: a motor to rotate the sample analysis substrate; a first magnet unit to attract the magnetic particles; a first actuator to move the first magnet unit to change relative positions of the first magnet unit and the sample analysis substrate; and a control circuit to control the motor, the drive circuit, and the first actuator. The first magnet unit shaped as a whole shape or a partial shape of a circle or a ring. During a B/F separation for separating reacted substance from unreacted substance, the first actuator moves the first magnet unit to a position where the magnetic particles in the chamber are attracted by the first magnet unit.

A sample analysis substrate mountable and detachable to a sample analysis device and includes: a plate-shaped base substrate; and a chamber, the chamber being a space in which to cause a binding reaction, The sample analysis device includes: a motor to rotate the sample analysis substrate; a first magnet unit to attract the magnetic particles; a first actuator to move the first magnet unit to change relative positions of the first magnet unit and the sample analysis substrate; and a control circuit to control the motor, the drive circuit, and the first actuator. The first magnet unit shaped as a whole shape or a partial shape of a circle or a ring. During a B/F separation for separating reacted substance from unreacted substance, the first actuator moves the first magnet unit to a position where the magnetic particles in the chamber are attracted by the first magnet unit.

A diagnostic biological array, kit or system, and method of using same unit for conducting simultaneously blood tests and determining the presence of diseases, the blood type, and blood quality of a blood sample and its applications.

The present invention provides the methods of synthesis of [5]helicene compounds and the use of the said compounds conjugating with biomolecules to work as molecular reporter for diagnostic. The compounds in the present invention have the chemical structure illustrated in the formula (1): wherein G is a connecting group composes of 2 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of ethane and ethylene; A is a separated or connected group selected from the group consisting of cyano and imide; D1 is selected from the group consisting of oxyalkanoic acid, oxyalkanal and oxyalkanesulfonate; and D2 has structure selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, oxyalkanoic acid, oxyalkanal, alkyl oxyalkanoate, oxyalkanol and oxyalkanesulfonate. The compounds in the present invention compose of aromatic [5]helicene core comprising long it-conjugating system. The said compounds contain functional groups which able to link with biomolecules and they are soluble in water or other solvents that used in binding process with biomolecules. Moreover, owing to having proper chemical structure, the compounds in the present invention exhibit good fluorescent emission in wavelength of 425-675 nm. When the said compounds connected with biomolecules, the biomolecules give good fluorescence and can be detected under ultraviolet radiation. ##STR00001##

A CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial synthesized with thiosalicylic acid and sodium citrate as dual-stabilizers is taken as a chemiluminescent luminophore, and Tris buffer containing both N.sub.2H.sub.4.H.sub.2O and H.sub.2O.sub.2 is taken as the triggering solution; introducing the H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the triggering solution can bring out greatly enhanced CL emission and obviously shortened CL process, enable the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial with strong flash-type and near-infrared CL; the luminophore of CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is synthesized by a one-pot method; compared with acridinium ester (a classical flash-type chemiluminescent substance), the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is simple in synthesis method, mild in conditions and short in the required time, the synthesized CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is not easy to decompose under light, and the CL waveband is in the near-infrared region.

A CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial synthesized with thiosalicylic acid and sodium citrate as dual-stabilizers is taken as a chemiluminescent luminophore, and Tris buffer containing both N.sub.2H.sub.4.H.sub.2O and H.sub.2O.sub.2 is taken as the triggering solution; introducing the H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the triggering solution can bring out greatly enhanced CL emission and obviously shortened CL process, enable the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial with strong flash-type and near-infrared CL; the luminophore of CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is synthesized by a one-pot method; compared with acridinium ester (a classical flash-type chemiluminescent substance), the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is simple in synthesis method, mild in conditions and short in the required time, the synthesized CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is not easy to decompose under light, and the CL waveband is in the near-infrared region.

An illumination system includes a surface configured to have an imaging target placed thereon, a light source, a beam splitter and at least a first mirror. The beam splitter is configured to split the beam of light from the light source and the first mirror is configured to reflect a first beam from the beam splitter onto the surface with the imaging target. An imaging system includes an imaging surface configured to have an imaging target placed thereon, a mirror, and a capturing device. The capturing device is configured to capture an image of the imaging target through a path of emitted light that extends from the imaging target, reflects off of the mirror, and to the capturing device. The mirror, the capturing device, or both are configured to move in a diagonal direction with respect to the imaging surface to reduce a length of the path of emitted light. Systems and methods to calibrate an imaging system to remove or reduce non-uniformities within images of samples due to imaging system properties.

Disclosed is a chemiluminescence measurement apparatus that includes: a support member configured to support a cartridge for measuring a test substance contained in a specimen by chemiluminescence measurement; a motor configured to rotate the support member so as to rotate the cartridge such that a process required for the chemiluminescence measurement proceeds in the cartridge; and a light receiver configured to receive light generated by chemiluminescence in the cartridge that is supported by the support member rotated by the motor. The cartridge supported by the support member and a light receiving surface of the light receiver are disposed inside a dark space surrounded by a light-shielding portion, and the motor is disposed outside the dark space.

Disclosed is a chemiluminescence measurement apparatus that includes: a support member configured to support a cartridge for measuring a test substance contained in a specimen by chemiluminescence measurement; a motor configured to rotate the support member so as to rotate the cartridge such that a process required for the chemiluminescence measurement proceeds in the cartridge; and a light receiver configured to receive light generated by chemiluminescence in the cartridge that is supported by the support member rotated by the motor. The cartridge supported by the support member and a light receiving surface of the light receiver are disposed inside a dark space surrounded by a light-shielding portion, and the motor is disposed outside the dark space.